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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAmerican Planning Association, November 1997 American Planning Association November 1997 $4 Jt Rx .� • W �sf ��, #e.Y.•gk, ` ..x ;,•..,11..' t mow. q i R ''a s l „i. ..:' ° } 4 t My."° " is ° d `5 4, +. .. «.w 4 Nw. PSR .: ,.. P'E*.. s# I�W' .. min ' `*wa'.«Y "" 'x . 'R.'. „ ` +' + .P d • ».x, Y r-+v^'..rr. < ,r k ', x a � t4"ffi .. , ." a , ^aY' .*'le MM ^ ': ar .^''waW 'N a n1 , :,,j,„tiog''1' ` x �, 'S.r" ,g y{R"i'W ukw r� +nu" �E 1y Er R „ '.., :mml' ,ky r ,`:w +tx ! ' «m rr� Haw#� ut u... ' .Litt a3 °' r � " ^ - � ,,.„rord ,3 ,R . 44 0%A ,':' k�rz wn u# *q r # +ry � 19,,.:;,;:',.''';',;',',,,,,,:',,,,,,,,,,,,i,.'?' BSN�, •' .r i � 1,^N4NNrN lP # ry • L N I G At the Gateways to the National Parks Industrial Corridors Rise from the Ashes Rhode Island Gets It Right Along for the Ride .'3 a ti �r1 s dq 1S 1yy� PCS Picture „,„„ On e Tower. 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Let us help your city overcome tower proliferation 1.50 . 2 tletowerco Www CSS kl'1 510 Bering Drive Suite st � 'y « . �' ba,„ o- • I. .1 P L A N N I N G C O N T E N T S American Planning Association Vol. 63, No. 11 November 1997 �p�M {�h� R5 E�MNesius _____ __:,';'1,...,,,"'7._....z....1';'-`72. p Io bn}wi7 W�MNs� Httr�l YEPnw.ELrMeiYf � Mgr 4;11,1. 1 A I.0II( rp'1� / kyr :. x`✓r}AI' ° kfkiefli t f ;�.,;„, ••,---111— ----f ------=',44.--:,,,---- .a,...„::_.=:>_ '.-1 4011 /// ___.> / _.---/ -,.7. .7.- au-?,44=4.-r14.+4,-,-46-,..,----- .f r�r a/ Rcesrw.,.i cr fiw>u+s Marl gslReP e 10ol-Parte iJ tit./o 26 4 National Park or Bust Kurt Culbertson tells how gateway communities cope with the crowds. 10 Rhode Island Gets It Right 26 Planning News Stuart Meck describes the HUD housing, sacred lands. little state with the big 28 Letters planning program. Immigrants, neotrad. 33 Planners Library 16 Rising From the Ashes Insiders'views. Industrial corridors make a 34 Conference Calendar comeback—in Planning 35 Tech Practice. Street stuff. 36 APA Today 2241 22 Along for the Ride Budget news. Transportation planning from 38 From the States the inside—a first person New Jersey standards,New York narrative by Marilyn Klein. reforms. 39 National Notes ISTEA,takings. 40 Consultant Directory 46 Viewpoint Cover: Night view of Red Lodge, Questions about city rankings. Montana,a gateway to Yellowstone National Park. Photo©M.D.Coleman. Art credits: South County Beach,courtesy Rhode Island Tourism Division(10);Marilyn Klein next to a high-speed train(22);Main Street at Del Paso Nuevo,a HUD-funded, mixed use project in Sacramento,courtesy Vail Engineering Corporation(26). Plammng ISSN 0001-26101 is published by the American Planning Association,122 5.Michigan Ave Suite 1600, Chicago IL 60603.APA's membership includes 12 - A. 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Illinois Additional entry at Greenfield Ohio Plannmg is a G. xx r Y`�� # t# s .tit 4" ,J registered trademark Copyright 1997 by the American ¢ 1, i '° ^ Planning Association Reprint permission must be � 4s� , ' 4 � �....�.. requested m wnhng from APA. � 4, �� *� �'2�,ax`� 1� 3 I ice` � Attn:Postmaster and subscribers t Please send change of address to Planning Subscription �� S a Department American Plannmg Association 122 S se"` �" �, '" � � P 3 '�4 Michigan Ave. Suite 1600,Chicago IL 60603-6107,312 ,x,e * � s� `. 431-9100 Please supply both old and new addresses ,aw."w-.t � 9sy t la,gk 4 in..b m.� °e°6,4"i i4I4IIIII9I 4 Planning November 1997 °-'''''.°'''.;,,,'"4111:t.',' w t. ,8-8.,.",,,. � �^ p i may. i ' «.� wYMkw nom me i. w .. n - s' s• � x «�, r .° - raa r�., ,a` 'e- ! .' ,fie 7 * r li ;aa, e s �. t n ,: !: w s -,,:aa',?:-:::':„.t.,', �. amu y pia _, .,'.� R�' ,� ' :. M �. a: - a s ',...'''-'aa'' -' ✓ ,r ,1,x h as C" �.�.e „a� t�' a; ' 9` �_ "-,,;8,,. - ' f �` a w `` „;:., ....,1.,.-,,,,;.. ..i ;'� ,� lire�' National Park or Bust � = Gateway communities cope with the crowds. • s By Kurt Culbertson .. ighty years after they were es- if gii 1-- ' t o`moi '� tablished, the national parks— � rig f. and the communities next to �•� Flit 1I. 114 them—are in danger of being � w iLL -KI }k{ w t loved to death.In total,the parks � � f • x. ,I. 1 r • =1 - y •• , it tee a s, attract 63 million visitors a ear, which J E means the neighboring towns are wash ,Ottf � I` � ,� -t-e.; in tourists—and the sometimes unsightly �� �r development that goes with them. E , , I..,‘,,i,-r.;.-itif,t '. ,t, .,... , / /7/i i -1k The park service is trying to get a � �� --e.R � � r� =a 'i :- handle on that dual problem by focusing y14_ ax on the communitiethatservethem,mostly _ e �,, by finding ways for the communities to tee' help relieve overcrowding and provide x , facilities and services that the federal � � � government can no longer offer. '' �� 75 t 3 lata tr > �� ti 1 Last year the park service was obliged to rely completely—if temporarily on ,: a t one of its gateway communities. In Mayw, �. 1 1996,floods washed away numerous park ' ' facilities at Yosemite National Park and , visitors were relocated to the nearby com- - or ,� -•.1'.•',.!, munity of El Portal. That, of course, is an "° t • • 1 5 extreme example of the park service's To grow or not to grow strategy. The park service can't always anticipate Naturally, the gateway communities local reaction.Four years ago,when park may not fall into line with the federal service officials began meeting with local In 1916, the year the National Park government's plans. Some are eager to business people in booming Moab,Utah, Service was established, visitors could rely on tourism, but others fret about they expected objections to discussions tour Yellowstone National Park by a dirt road built by the Army Corps of development and the inevitable changes of limiting visitors or development around Engineers. The but of Yellowstone it brings to small town life. And still Arches National Park. But, in fact, "they and other national parks is the subject others worry that the park service may were quite supportive," says Hof. "Some of •"Lying Lightly on the Land,"an put a cap on the number of park visitors, folks even expressed surprise that we exhibit at the National Building forcing the gateway towns to limit their were finally doing our job." Museum through January 11. expectations. Under the National Parks and Recre Each situation is differ- ation Act of 1978, the national parks are ent, says Marilyn Hof, a required to assess their carrying capac- 1:r Denver based planner with ity, including their accommodations and _ • the park service's Visitor parking spaces. Each park must develop d Experience and Resource a general management plan and set goals = Protection project."Whether for visitors' experiences and the preser- P communities and national vation of natural resources. Because of �' � leb parks work together well budget and staff constraints, only half * t: on planning issues depends the national parks have developed these pp 3 - ,� i ° y , somewhat on past experi- plans, says Hof. Most general manage- ence, including how many ment plans cover issues outside bound It t '14 a " mistakes the parks have aries as well as within parks. u made and the level of trust Public response, though mixed, indi in the park service, she Cates the agency should rein in crowds says. and development within the parks."We're „fir s -- The federal government will soon choose among five plans for _ ,,{ development at the south rim of the Grand Canyon, near Tusayan, • - to*, ,„joliolt, I t#11 '� 4.- m Arizona. One of the schemes,fora master planned development ,,,...,.._40,..' 1. - s- Itt" "� called Canyon Foresl Village, includes employee 11011sing(top), an \WV � educational center(middle), and a village center. 1 ''''lc .S",. ir—, idir i. .., st, ,, . , . - , , .. .., 1,4 'ff 1 ., - �, ., 411W , to "® y 1 ' ` k.. A, e *`, a .,' jilt .• .' m A �' Q # 4, ^ "°2' 5. x�as to ,.i _ 9` , �. •? ate- : , e iii.fo • pi ., .-* m ria 2 , '4,- "" ... p .' tl s S> a b ' r#IIMN w et„.g . itil¢ '� _. ba "�.� � mow, ' t 4411111k, 1 e � m � � � �"`1,....,,,,:. ,, kllri: 5 � 1�t „ ��� , 'i€,.. ,� *, „,x..* .r' . .4, .iliqatiziasigivir..' : .cl / " ', e P i ° $� --'- 1 Y r AL R'. m 6 Planning November 1997 getting more complaints from people dis- gling to survive economically, they may before drawing up a new master plan. appointed in the crowding levels, the find it impossible to enact sophisticated The plan combined incentives with mea- traffic affecting animals in the park, the land-use measures such as design stan- sures such as clustered development,real amount of paving, and the health of the dards or water and energy conservation estate transfer tax,more use of land trusts, park itself,"she says. programs or land trusts. programs to deal with old growth forest, The flip side is that the gateway com- One idea behind gateway planning is and rules compelling anyone who peti- munities have had to deal with hordes of that resorts often schedule off-peak events tioned for development to prove they tourists and the attendant needs for wider such as film festivals and film confer- had addressed resource protection. The roads, more housing, and other services. ences and that gateway communities could county commission approved the plan in n "A lot of towns don't think of themselves do the same. If the communities were to 1994, but it was later overturned due to as gateways, but because of their loca- take over some of the parks'interpretive pressure from property rights advocates. tion, they're forced to deal with tourists and commercial functions, the gateway and the pressure to develop," says Sally communities could, in essence, become The National Park Service is Sheridan, a landscape architect with the recreational centers in their own right.The working with the community of park service's Rivers,Trails,and Conser- parks would benefit as well because park- Estes Park, Colorado,and vation Assistance program—and the co- ing and other visitor services would be surrounding Larimer County to author of its new workbook, Building accommodated more efficiently. make sense of the development Gateway Partnerships. Gateways are of- ten unincorporated rural towns with no Big brother elected officials, she adds, and the con- Just as the park service may feel that servation assistance program helps them gateway communities don't make the t � develop a collective voice so they can best neighbors, the communities may plan their futures. look askance at the park service. When , Whether particular planning efforts Glacier National Park's Going-to-the-Sun succeed or fail, it seems clear that gate- Road is closed for the winter, the nearby way communities should be viewed not towns of St. Mary and West Glacier feel as threats to the parks but as an integral the loss of business—and that scenario is part of the park experience. Further, the repeated at many of the national parks. lessons learned at the gateways may have In a study conducted at Acadia Na- resonance for communities throughout tional Park in Maine in the late 1980s,the ~, the nation. park service surveyed nearby residents • about the impact the park has on their Love thy neighbor daily lives. Those who responded said Park planners used to stick to the parks the park offered significant recreational themselves. But development of adja- cultural,and education opportunities.But w cent land is often hotly contested. Prop- they also expressed concern about the erty owners may insist on their right to limited amount of developable land and develop hotels, restaurants, curio shops, the high cost of housing in their commu- Overload and other tourist services—while the park nities. They disliked the fact that they Visitors see the problems only once, but service is trying to protect wildlife habi- had lost access to some hunting and trap- park service staff and nearby residents tats and migration corridors and fend off ping areas. And they complained about cope with them all the time.Parking spaces the visual clutter of commercial develop- the noise, litter, and traffic generated by are so hard to come by at Grand Canyon ment along park boundaries. The Na- visitors. National Park that last year an argument tional Parks and Conservation Associa- Residents appreciated the extra fire over a space erupted into a knife fight. tion identified adjacent land-use problems and police protection provided by the Violence is not the norm, but overcrowd- in 175 of the 375 national parks in 1989, park service,but they also generally per- ing is, says Brad Traver, chief planner for the most recent year such problems were ceive that alcoholism, crime, vandalism, the park and a member of the planning assessed. and drug abuse had increased because of and zoning commission in adjacent Some years ago, former Sen. Malcolm the park. They liked having more jobs, Coconino County. Some park roads, he Wallop of Wyoming proposed that all the but also noticed that the costs of goods, says, "can look like a county fair with cars roads within Yellowstone National Park services, and land were becoming in- parked a half mile in each direction." be replaced with a monorail system to flated because of proximity to the park. A master plan adopted by the park keep the crowds in check.He argued that Sometimes the park is the occasion for service in 1995 established four goals to the park service could take some lessons local disputes. In Flathead County, Mon- relieve overcrowding and development in crowd management from the Disney tana,whose 3.4 million acres wrap around pressure at Grand Canyon.The first is to Company. But his idea didn't fly, and in Glacier National Park, local people have eliminate private automobiles in favor of fact the trend is toward more growth been debating economic issues for many a mass transit system, perhaps with around the parks, not less. At West years. In 1993, a nonprofit group called greenways for bicyclists and pedestrians. Yellowstone, for example, a controver- the Cooperative Planning Coalition hired Parking would be available in the unin- sial resort community is now being built my firm,Design Workshop,to help people corporated town of Tusayan, the portal around an IMAX theater. in the county reach consensus on log- for the Grand Canyon's south rim. The Other communities often have a dif- ging,property rights,and sprawl. parking lot would be located near an ferent set of problems, reflecting their We worked with volunteer and civic airport just south of the park. Visitors seasonal economies.And,if they are strug- groups and held more than 80 meetings would travel via light rail to a transit • • 7 acre site just south of the park entrance would supplement park service and for - ark NA. and just north of Tusayan. The idea is to est service programs and keep traffic vol "^ � allow the U.S.Forest Service,which owns ume on the public lands in check. �� the land,to swap the site for about 2,100 Not everyone likes the plan. Business """ __ acres ofprivate land in 13parcels owned owners in Flagstaff,60 miles away,worry yl> - d by C. F Village, Inc. within the Kaibab that visitors may skip over them in favor w'�' �uiii�ll�_uu4d National Forest. The forest land borders of the new village.And others argue that -4.‘,.,40,,,, �Protect vid a�� „�'1eldf�fl�� h a the park; it also includes the town of any extra development at the park's bound kr Tusayan. aries is ill-conceived. '����°ttt '� Accordingto the plan, Canyon Forest Can on Forest Village is the most in - red- s Village would include more than 3,500 tense of five proposals being considered by Jf _ s,�. -�/ hotel rooms,about 2,700 affordable Nous the park and forest services. The others bordering Rocky ing units, 425,000 square feet of retail include a modified Canyon Forest Village Mountain National / space,a campus for the Museum of North plan—which would include a transit cen Parh.Among the goals: em Arizona, and a mass transit center. ter, welcome center, and parking; a "no protecting scenic vistas / Because the development would use up action plan," as required by federal law; a and wildlife corridors. the last land available for housing,a local "minimum action plan" for a transporta housing authority would be set up to tion hub and employee housing only;and.a ensure that rental rates and sales prices plan put forward by business interests n remain affordable—an important con Tusayan. Because the proposal involves era for park service employees. The national forest land,the forest service gets project would also include a town park to make the call, based upon an environ and sites for civic buildings, and, possi mental impact statement; a decision is ex bly, a grocery store and public school. pec within the next few months. To create a year-round draw for visi- tors, the plan calls for construction of a Regional goals conference center, which would be mar_ Reflecting policies developed since 1978, keted internationally to environmental and the park service is now trying to educate park groups, and an educational center, local communities about their role in which would offer lessons on geology, protecting the parks.Planner Larry Gamble wildlife, history, and other traits of the was hired five years ago as a land-use ''' �� E _ Grand Canyon region. Those programs specialist at Colorado's Rocky Mountain eau o- $§ center in the park and board shuttle buses "` k from there. '.ti a • a n� ,-;;,,,,,.:,..,:,,Zi;,. ..44'a o n -��,�?' A `��.a 8 a s q ' • A second goal is to provide more hous :a t oto " �� °+ � .rt. v . , ing for employees—at least 800 new or �; , . °ray -•so� o � `'''''•''.41%, . replacement units,preferably outside the g. ® ° - two 1 park, the plan says. A third goal is to a :��-'��,'...."... '%14.141"' s � �� "fir, t `, relocate community facilities—including "•''',.% 17......1%."-'-t'•-''''''' " 03 m • r1 t � � ��o r'n s20s.tra' an existing school,library,.medical clinic, ., AY �41� >° � � rnGld day park �� �� 1 ' rent with t + lan l c pe and care center—outsde bound- ..-.,r,,,,__-„,.„..,*-,,.� �� � � + �•���� aries.This change would allow the 2,000 ,74' tqs ra t rn+ k� rt far ck the f920s. T people living in the park to get acquainted ,7 r ` � a sta FI � ct r- ,ft't 7 f Graham' An rst n,`Probst �� tri t with their neighbors in Tusayan, and it � �� is ®� i s f rep e a plea far South Rim Village would provide the 500 people living in C the yon `h; plan reflected conventional town Tusayan with the services they now lack. ` �t d m ��gri d,in dim a!town s ane.With the steady , Finally, the plan suggests that no fur tp par enpny a ` full-time i •dents came nth r Comma" ther expansion of visitor services be al_ ty res, �i d a power t and sewage treatment plant, lowed within the park. t. �ht� fire statto , d churches• All four goals point to Tusayan as the In 1.9-66t-the t lP k;Sery Service celebrated its 50th birthday`'wit• h an { relief valve for the Grand Canyon. Yet � xnbontt tgam--Mission fib. Visitors` centers, parking plans to make Tusayan into a model gate i s and roads wer b ilt,along with numerous support facilities. way community are running into opposi terp ve programs were de' eloped a ,d expanded, new personnel tion from business people in nearby towns. e .homed and pr o tonal effort was launched to lure the public. ; _„..The end'of Mission 66 marked the last great period of congressional � uppo for the;r% tionai parks It set the stage for a new type of relationship E One plan, which my firm created for between the packs and their gateway communities- symbolized by the ' Canyon Forest Village,Inc.,of Phoenix isGateway,CommunityPlanning Initiative, which was conceived as part of F to build a planned community on a 600 the Vail Agenda in 1991, commemorating the 75th anniversary of the j 8 Planning November 1997 National Park; his assignment is to work They are also pursuing an intergovern- with the community of Estes Park,where mental agreement to deal with zoning development was fast encroaching on the proposals and have talked about setting park's two eastern entrances. up a joint Estes Valley Commission, says Using GIS, Gamble and his colleagues Steve Stamey, the community develop- have identified and mapped the most ment director of Estes Park.The commis- important land parcels next to the park. sion will be appointed jointly by the Now they are working with neighbors on town and the county. goals such as maintaining scenic vistas Red Lodge,Montana, and wildlife corridors, preventing wild- Be comprehensive is 60 miles from fire and the growth of noxious weeds, Most collaborations between the national Yellowstone, but it's keeping open access to trails on private parks and their gateway communities still considered a land, and reducing light pollution. gateway. Unlike the Grand Canyon,Rocky Moun- tain National Park provides no commu- g ��5 nity services. Over the past 20 years the park service has acquired private •� �. �� inholdings and removed old lodges and dude ranches. "It's very much a symbi- otic relationship,"says Gamble. "Wepro- vide the natural experience,and the town � provides dining,lodging, and gasoline." �• Until 1996, however, Estes Park and surrounding Larimer County had differ- ,, ent zoning districts and densities along , P �� park borders, making for a patchwork of "" �+ r ' _" development. Last December the two lo- , �, cal governments adopted a comprehen ,_.. a' sive plan for the 32-square-mile Estes - Valley. They are now creating a uniform set of development codes with the help d 1 of Clarion Associates in Denver. w “ .,1:iY a5n l',,',..-%-.;;ApF " at ®' W ski# nd ss z 4k9 4A 1 at ^ z ; ' 1 fi e,,4tt.gvf!'::.if:':,;i',!N1'...JA-'..i i 'h � s�� ,e y W� � �...„.",-....).,,,I,,,,,,,,,,,,..-„,,,,,,, €� l c � ��omm qty t tw o nit inst l 0 .t , ;�cega ? Pot.projects1•1; tatio f ilities r o A Under the in tiative several pilot parks are Working coop-. a,h the s, pr v 41 k eratively�with.neig boring°communities to plan_for trans- improv tents, an ffi e a ...„,,,i▪ ,':,17.,.::,: .tir ftp k s portation,interpretation land tact and visitor otientation. v� I in ad tion to traditional visitor services,some of the plans. d i.. 1 ncip ▪ v� I. call for a variety of tourist facilities,including resort hotels, With such a range of o ...,,,,,ii....., t ns ani 0 .,,.„.....z.,,,*„.., conference centers,and golfcourses, is'di 9 have addressed specific problems. But annually to discuss such issues as fire downside of growth. "They see what the some efforts are more comprehensive. and wildlife management. John Sacklin, absence of planning guidelines means for One example comes from the Greater a park planner at Yellowstone National the land where they grew up and en- Yellowstone Coalition, founded in 1983. Park, says coordination of fire manage- joyed,"she says. "Community action and The coalition, which embraces 60 corn- ment plans has helped avoid another comprehensive plans are encouraging munity organizations and conservation inferno year like 1988. signs.The question is whether those things groups ranging from American Rivers to Jeanne-Marie Souvigney,associate pro- will be put in place before we lose a big the National Bighorn Sheep Interpretive gram director for the Greater Yellowstone chunk of what we have." Association, considers the entire 18-mil- Coalition,thinks overall attitudes towards lion-acre region to be one ecological area— gateway development may be shifting. Kurt Culbertson is the president of Design and promotes planning accordingly.Three Ranchers and other landowners see the Workshop in Aspen,Colorado. national parks, seven national forests, the Wind River Indian reservation, and about 3.5 million acres of private land RCSUL1rCeS are located there. The coalition is pushing the U.S.Forest Contacts. The park service's National Planning Office and Technical Infor- Service to consolidate its three regions mation Center is located in Denver, 303-969-2310. Marilyn Hof is at the park into one.It has also conducted a build-out service's Visitor Experience and Resource Protection Program, 303-969-2352. analysis to map the ramifications of all Sue Abbott and Sally Sheridan can be reached at the agency's'Rivers,Trails,and the planned development in the area.And Conservation Assistance Program in Seattle,206-220-4122 and 206-220-4116.At its 1996 planning primer—a pamphlet called the National Parks and Conservation Association, contact Jerome Uher, 202- Tools for Managing Growth in the Greater 223-6722. Contact Jeanne-Marie Souvigney at the Greater Yellowstone Coali- Yellowstone Area—is addressed to ranch- tion,P.O.Box 1874, Bozeman,Montana,406-586-1593. ers who might wish to donate conserva- Publications.Building Gateway Partnerships costs$26 plus postage.To order, tion easements to preserve their land. So call the Northwest Interpretive Association at 206-220-4140;fax,206-220-4143. far ranchers and others have donated ease- APA is distributing the publication to its state chapters.Another book,Balancing ments on 250,000 acres. Nature and Commerce in Gateway Communities,by Luther Propst,Jim Howe,and Government agencies are moving to- Ed McMahon,is available from Island Press($21.95 plus postage);to order,call wards cooperating across boundaries as 800-828-1302. Propst is the executive director of the Sonoran Institute in well. The Greater Yellowstone Coordi- Tucson,Arizona;to order a copy of the institute's booklet, "National Parks and nating Committee includes national park Their Neighbors,"call 520-290-0828;fax, 520-290-0969. and forest service managers who meet it .14.„,,,Ikk.,...,_44 - :11,..,..,.:-..', :-.:'*1,4„„. ,-(.3--.4 ri psi . V.'":.--:-:.....,\,* ---,;:--,-- -,.....t......,N--„,,..--...„--..--:-..-...,----evq...T.:------\. 1 .. '•. 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'�` eta"^.�-a 'PI .. s1• }, 1 n r Rhode Island Gets It Right hink of the heavy hitters in state wonks, Rhode Island's nine-year-old The little state with a big planning.Oregon comes to mind, comprehensive planning program is one planning program. and Florida, and Washington— of the most effective in the U.S. It's the all three known for their growth kind of pragmatic, plainspoken legisla- management programs.Hawaii tion that planners hope for but rarely see. By Stuart Meck, AICP makes the list for its statewide zoning, The changes Rhode Island put into effect and Vermont, too, if only for keeping aren't rocket science, but they seem to billboards confined to New Hampshire. work.Moreover,they were accomplished Add New Jersey for its earnest attempt at by a skeleton crew of state administra- Varin,who retired last year after 31 years a statewide development plan and, if tors, municipal planners, and local plan- with the department of administration, you're feeling generous,California,which ning board members. most recently as associate director for may not have state planning but does planning. have huge numbers of planners working Creaky statutes Varin, who won a 1996 national APA under very complex statutes. In the mid-1980s,Rhode Island,like much award for his service to the profession And don't forget Rhode Island. of the Northeast, was experiencing a says the planning statutes were plagued Yes, Rhode Island, the scrappy little tremendous building boom, placing by a lack of consistency between loc.l state just south of Massachusetts,the one enormous pressure on its 39 cities and plans and zoning and subdivision law•, with all the wetlands and gigantic water- towns. by abuses of variance authority by local front "cottages" in Newport, whose capi The state's planning and zoning sys- zoning boards,and by the lack of exp 'cit tal, Providence, boasts a jillion Italian tem had never operated very well, and authority to use innovative techniques. restaurants. A state where you can drive everyone knew it. Its 1920s-era statutes Zoning board decisions were popular- from border to border in about an hour. were beginning to creak with age. "No ity contests, he says, and appeals were Virtually unnoticed by most urban policy one was happy with them,"recalls Daniel routinely set aside by state courts be- i r i 11 cause there was no record and little or nofears, particularly int rural areas, that rationale. Vague statutes and varying in- "the state was going to come in and tell terpretations meant that "we had at least them how to develop their towns." 39 ways to do anything in the state." The road show worked, and the Com- Delays were a fact of life,with subdivi prehensive Planning and Land Use Regu Sion approvals often stretching out for lation Act of 1988 passed the legislature. The governor, Edward DuPret, threat- months—even years."This was a particu lar gripe of the developers," Varin notes. ened a veto on the ground that the act Symbols of Rhode Island: "They became very aware of the cost of didn't do enough for affordable housing. the state capitol(opposite) borrowing money and of holding onto But Weygand lined up enough votes to and the abundant seafood land for long periods." override a veto, and in the end, DuPret (right).Below:the three "The problem was compounded," he backed down and let the law go into state Narragansett Bay adds, "by the fact that city and town effect without his signature. watershed from the state's solicitors are very conservative. They Weygand notes that winning support 1992 Comprehensive would advise their towns that, if it for the act from city and town officials Conservation and wasn't explicitly granted in the enabling was made easier by the legislature's deci Management Plan for the bay,prepared under the act, you couldn't do it, or you were at sion to appropriate $3 million worth of auspices of the National least taking a risk." grants for local plan preparation. Estuary Program. In 1975, Varin led an effort to pass a state land-use law based on the American Law Institute's Model Land Develop- ment Code. The proposal would have required every city and town to set an urban growth boundary and subject it to 4.-- 14 state revi: . "It generated tremendous op. .•n recalls, and failed to pass aOT t a landscape ar �t � r o d been a lan- P ,r st Providence ture in a w §ug� ` a ' 's F nt gover- .: ,,� t0 the U.S. , a . '';''''''-i' ' e� •' " �,.. ,� �a ntroduced a bill a .�' �',s -r land use study 1 �'uded legislators, '. �� -..,4 -a ' entatives, environ- t� y -� f -foernee about the pre ser- " m o : mansett Bay, home build dfour state agency heads.Weygand E , . 1� �� ° ed as the commission's first chair. �l .q 0 i1/4414, � � ��m � n a recent interview, he recalled that ° , �a � „o, t , : gr group quickly decided that both the �� is-,,,,, #e's 1921 zoning statute and many lo- i '''4.•'-'''''"b !' - ¢ ", .1 ordinances posed "all kinds of ambi- uity,"resulting in numerous state court i - .ecisions that didn't necessarily square How it works b • �� ith contemporary planning practice. As passed, the law requires each local � By early 1988, the committee had pro comprehensive plan to contain nine ele ri duce a draft comprehensive planning men s. goals and policies; land use (with act. The document required all Rhode a map); housing (including affordable Island cities and towns to prepare and housing); economic development; natu- ral and cultural resources; services and ping board or commission was to be facilities; open space and recreation; cir designated the lead agency.Broad public culation; and implementation. Commu- involvement was required in plan prepa- pities may add other elements, such as ration and adoption. harbor management plans for coastal The committee held public hearings towns. throughout the state to talk up the ben- Under the statute, local governments efits of the proposal. One purpose of the submit adopted comprehensive plans to hearings, says Weygand, was to dampen the state for review by the planning divi- 12 Planning November 1997 sion of the Department of Administra- step in and prepare a plan, which then council may approve a project that con- tion and by other state agencies. State goes back to the appeals board. flicts with a plan,but only after a public officials check for compliance with the The approved plan must be consulted hearing, and only after finding that the statute and with the State Guide Plan,a for all state projects. "No state agency project satisfies four strict criteria con- collection of state goals and policiescan go into a community and propose tamed in the state planning act. If a plan is turned down,local officials something that's in contravention of their may request a review by the Comprehen- local comprehensive plan," notes Will- Chapter two sive Plan Appeals Board,which was cre- iam Sheridan, an attorney and planner Once the comprehensive planning act ated by the act.If the plan still is deemed who supervises the state's local planning was in place, the land-use commission unacceptable, the planning division may assistance program. The state planning turned to an even tougher task, the zon- Maryland's a Contender "This is good politics; it was something people were looking for—a significant change in development patterns," said 1 Maryland Gov. Parris Glendening in a recent interview with Planning.Glenden- „i. � � ing was referring to the "Neighborhood ' Conservation and Smart Growth" pro gram passed last April by the Maryland general assembly. ' The governor is considered the primerig mover of the legislation,which limits state = . funding for a host of projects—roads, � bridges, mass transit,water facilities—to t "priority funding areas." The priority ar a eas include the state's 154 municipali- „ � e < ties,land within the Baltimore and Wash- ington beltways,31 enterprise zones,and locally designated growth areas. 1 The new law includes a rural legacy program that makes state money avail ` able to fund land trusts and to leverage bond funds for the acquisition of conser- vation easements. :9 , A"live where you work"program will provide cash grants to homebuyers in targeted city neighborhoods and a tax �� credit for businesses that create at least 25 jobs in priorityfundingareas.Fat � J Y. i �. there are cleanup funds—and liability protection—for developers who site projects in polluted urban areas. came more and more conscious of ernment to follow Maryland's lead by Who's behind it government's role in creating sprawl. He restricting federal spending that abets Sprawl has been on Gov. Glendening's was elected governor in 1994. unwise development. mind ever since his student days at Florida In June 1996,Democrat Glendening laid All this is surprising, to say the least. State University in Tallahassee. Driving out the scope of the problem along with his Governors, whose links to developers to and from his home in South Florida,he intent to seek remedies. He bestowed the typically help fund their reelection,often recalls, "I saw development eating into name Smart Growth on his package of are reluctant to enter the political thicket the Everglades like you couldn't believe. proposals and then succeeded in winning of growth management. Many observers I knew something was terribly wrong." passage—although not for every feature— see Glendening's advocacy as a test case A job teaching political science at the in a single legislative session. for other states. University of Maryland brought Glenden- Since then, the governor has become He is already suffering from low poll- ing to the state in 1967 and gave him a first- an apostle of growth management. ing numbers and is almost certain to be hand view of the sprawl that was consum- "Sprawl is a disease eating away at the challenged again next year by his 1994 ing the rolling green countryside between heart of America," he told an audience opponent,Republican Ellen Sauerbrey,a Washington and Baltimore. As a politi- at a Smart Growth conference in Balti- former state house delegate and property cian—he was elected to the Hyattsville city more last June. And last May at the rights advocate. Glendening defeated council in 1973 and became Prince George's Brookings Institution in Washington, Sauerbrey last time by just 6,000 votes. County executive in 1982—Glendening be- Glendening challenged the federal gov- Nevertheless, the governor shows no . 13 ing enabling act. Commission member dural abuses that had crept into zoning which must be used in all local codes. Robert Cioe,a home builder in Warwick, administration in the state. It broadens Other sections describe the contents of a pressed for statewide uniformity of zon- the purposes of zoning to include protec- zoning ordinance, tighten up language ing codes. "We wanted to make it diffi- tion of environmental quality. And it dealing with variances and special ex- cult for the zoning boards to make politi- allows municipalities to use such tech- ceptions, establish standards for discon- cal decisions for their friends," he says. niques as performance standards, over- tinuance of nonconforming uses(impos- The enabling act passed in 1991 ap- lays, floating zones, transfer of develop- sible under prior law), and clarify plies to all cities and towns, including ment rights, and cluster development. procedures for notice and amendment, those with home rule authority.It cleans To eliminate local idiosyncracies, the and requirements for vesting. up most of the substantive and proce- act provides clearly written definitions, The act requires each community to ticipated by 2000. tives—perhaps administrative rules—in In laying the groundwork for growth order to shape designated growth areas control, Glendening paraphrased remarks in ways Smart Growth intended. In the A.-"o„0 about race relations in the U.S. made by months since passage,state planners have former Illinois Gov. Otto Kerner in the been meeting with local officials from around Maryland and preparing guide- mission. 'LE' 1970s, when he headed the Kerner Com- Y p p g g mission. "Today, we are in danger of hav- lines local governments can use in devel- ing two separate societies—one rich and oping designated growth areas.The state one poor, one with jobs and one without is giving local governments maps and work, one living in huge homes and the geographical information as part of a other having huge numbers of homeless," "Technology Toolbox." Glendening said last year in a speech be- Ronald Kreitner, director of the state fore the Maryland Municipal League. planning office, notes that his planners In this year's state of the state address, are careful and politic. "There is great Glendening framed the debate in eco- care to avoid the reality and the percep- nomic terms, noting that current growth tion of the state taking back local land- trends "cost Marylanders hundreds of use authority," he says. A+ millions of dollars." Meanwhile,the selling of the plan con- `, The growth program passed, although tinues. Glendening appointed an infor- mation specialist, former Baltimore Sun State senator Brian Frosh, who helped map the legislative strategy, notes that reporter John Frece, to lead a public there was considerable opposition from outreach effort. "It doesn't get any the business community, homebuilders, better than this," farmers, and county officials fearful of A personal stake said Maryland Gov. losing some of their powers. In a recent interview, Glendening remi- At Parris Glendening, nisced about the way things used to be. A'',0. � holdinga rockfish Fifteenyears ago,he recalled,he and his Compromise g caught in the In the end, Glendening was forced to re- wife would often visit Cumberland, a Chesapeake Bayhistoric town in mountainous Western over the last Labor treat from his original plan to direct state school construction to designated growth Maryland. "There were several hundred Day weekend. walkingupand down the streets areas. The final version of the plan con- people tained only a generic policy statement fa- at a given time.There was a real sense of wring renovation over new construction. community," he said. sign of backing down. Indeed, he em- The governor also was forced to accept Things changed after development of a braces Smart Growth, along with educa- expanded criteria for priority growth ar- huge shopping center outside of town tion initiatives,as his main achievements. eas. Early proposals called for a density aided by millions of dollars in state money. minimum of 3.5 units per acre in growth "What we never should have done is Test case areas. But rural legislators demanded a promote the sprawl," said the governor. Meanwhile, Maryland offers an excel- density of no more than two units per Glendening said he believes that fel- lent laboratory for testing growth man- acre. Also, the original package required low governors have been reticent about agement. The Baltimore and Washing- growth areas to have hookups to public growth management because they are ton suburbs continue to spread,clogging sewer and water supplies. In the end, limited to command-and-control policies once rural roads with commuter traffic only the sewer requirement remained. that produce backlash. Maryland's new and strip malls while threatening the The final version of the law removed system of incentives and disincentives is state's resource jewel, the Chesapeake the provision giving the Maryland Office a"huge first step,"he said. Bay. In 25 years, the Washington sub- of Planning the power to reject state- Bill Lambrecht and Sandra Martin urbs have grown by 72 percent and the funded projects that fall outside a growth Lambrecht is a Washington correspondent Baltimore suburbs by 67 percent. The area. County officials opposed vesting for the St.Louis Post-Dispatch.Martin is editor state itself experienced a 20 percent such power in the planning office. of New Bay Times,a weekly newspaper cover- growth spurt, to five million people, Over time, experts believe, Maryland ing the Chesapeake Bay region. with another 300,000 Marylanders an- may have to provide more than incen- 14 Planning November 1997 accommodate a reasonable range of hous another track, with decisions made bounced back and forth between state ing types. It also requires consistency within two to three months. Nonresi agencies and local governments,he says. with the adopted comprehensive plan (a dential uses and larger residential sub The act requires state (and federal wet requirement that the Rhode Island Su divisions go through more formal re lands regulators to sign off on required prem Court backed up in its 1994 deci- view, involving a master plan and permits before a subdivision plan is sub Sion in Town of East Greenwich v. preliminary and final approvals. mitted to a local government. Narragansett Bay Electric Co.�. Once the One innovation, says Dan Varin, is state approves the local plan, the munic the act's resolution of the "ping-pong Report card ipality must bring its zoning regulations problem."No longer are developers of Derwent Riding, who represented the into conformance within 18 months. subdivisions that include wetlands League of Women Voters on the land use Finishing up State planners Michael Ahnrud,Derry Riding, and William Sheridan The last step for the land use commission with a pile of comprehensive plans. was to revamp the state's subdivision statute,which dated from 1945.The Land Development and Subdivision Review •,3 Enabling Act of 1992 was the longest and most complex piece of legislation pro �: �� H duced by the land-use commission. _ ,� The new subdivision act gives the planning board, or in some cases an ad � ministrative officer, final authority over all subdivision approvals.Legislative bodies aren't involved at all, save for the enact- ',� ®� � men of regulations. �.1t. To speed matters up, the act provides for three review tracks and sets forth �� � � A clear procedures for each. Routine divi �" cions, mergers, and lot boundary deci,. `` s �� Bions may be made quickly by an admin � istrative officer or the planning board. ,. , � � ' Smaller residential developments(gener ally subdivisions of up to five lots)follow = Where we stand ,j. I State planning reform got an early start in Oregon,which began working on its land use planning system in 1973. The state-administered system is guided by m « ®� �,• 1 the 19 goals that have been adopted by the land conservation and development • + =aiig �a� ' commission. The court of last resort is the land-use board of appeals. a ��+, � ' Florida also began revamping its system in the early 1970s and has continued ° ''_,','..:14',_\‘‘-‘;,;.;-1 ---'f- _‘,1,. �� �r �� over the years.In addition to state review of local comprehensive plans,Florida e designates areas of critical state concern • and, through its concurrency require- , -vt. -li `t« , ea ments, ensures that public facilities are in place before the effects of new s�� L'> �e • � i development are felt �� .'a't« 1, --44 New Jersey enacted a fair share housinglaw and a state Tannin act in 1985. planning Seven years later, it adopted a state development and redevelopment plan. witz �# 4 Vermont`s growth management law, Act 250, came in 1988, and Georgia �� � of re passed its state planning act in 1989. �** � t �e Washington began its growth management effort in 1990 and now requires °� ' ��`(PASReport No- counties and municipalities in urban and high growth areas to prepare com re 'z� r P p p Also,�e��� tfr ftr `; hensive plans. The state law stresses joint city-county planning. Most appeals �� t2 th are handled by three regional growth management hearing boards. In 1995, `? � 1 t � ,byJohn Washington revamped its environmental policy act to better mesh with the ` . + ori lhn .Roth growth management statute. Earlier this year, the law was amended to reflect % ' P.arm recommendations of a state study commission. g w e thefirst v e Maryland began strengthening local planning requirements in 1992 and this �* �� egi /drive year passed the "Smart Growth" legislation, championed by Gov. Parris -r + 4� # for n' Glendening. Also this year, Texas Gov. George Bush signed a comprehensive �� ��� �ma g� tt Change,' planning bill. � �be doloadedfro Meanwhile, APA's GROWING SMARTSM project continues to hammer out the f t Asecond;vol kind of model planning and zoning enabling legislation that will guide U.S. �� �rt next year and communities into the next century. a � . 9.. , , , 15 their job properly," Riding says. plan is almost four inches thick. "One And the prodding has worked.To- reason for that," she says, "is the lists of day all 39 cities and towns in the state requirements that we were sup state(there are no unincorporated posed to be consistent with." areas) have adopted comprehen- Jonathan Stevens,planning director of sive plans that control develop- the city of Warwick, says short staffing in the planninga r ment in their communities. assistance office meant In the meantime, however, the that smaller communities with simpler assistancelm. office has lost six of its plans got reviewed first. He notes that Warwick's"sprawly," original nine staffpositionsthrough1,200 page pi. lan was '� Q adopted by the city in 1991 but still r Robert Cioe hasn't been approved by the state. In the meantime,the area around the city's bus tling airport is growing, compelling an update of the plan. Similarly,the rural town of Foster com ° pleted its plan in 1993 but review by the ® .° state emergency management agency held 't up approval until last year. Still, plan ping board chair Steven Fusco says he is 7"--i k _ /� °t' pleased with the zoning and subdivision reforms. "Now we have a much broader i` _ mandate to protect historic and environ- mental resources," he says. Fusco also . Atitigi,-* r favors the procedural clarity of the acts zv ��,,y( ,P , and notes that his planning board regu- u , % i'11 larly consults the book of planning stat- x, `e�' .� utes published by the state for quick ' ' h;1 � guidance during meetings. ,,gym 1 !Janie!Varin Warwick builder Bob Cioe is also satis- '� =s fied with the zoningact that he helped * . draft. "It reasonably levels the playing field," he says—at least when there is no strong anti-development sentiment in the community. Cioe sued the town of North Kingstown when it changed its zoning code to limit retail establishments in one district to 85,000 square feet, effectively �- killing his pending proposalfor a 120,000 , square foot Wal Mart. He argued that he had a vested right to build and won. The building has since been constructed. !° . m Unlike Oregon and Washington, Rhode `" Island is not pushing for compact devel- '. T�'oF� b1ev��ancf opment. Thus the legislation does nott•' impose minimum land-use intensity stan- dards,and communities may pretty much �� , k. ,,ki determine their own form. Derry Riding �� notes that there continues to he some • sentiment for anl urban growth boundary requirement, although there is nothing in the planning act that prevents a com- munity from drawing its own line. commission, now works for William attrition and layoffs.That has slowed the On the whole,the satisfaction quotient Sheridan in the state planning assistance process of circulating the adopted plans is high. Says North Kingstown's Marilyn office. Her task, in Sheridan's words, is to some 30 state agencies for comment. Cohen, "Having this legislation has been to "cajole" local governments into coin- All of the plans have now been reviewed, a plus because it has brought the public plying with the requirements of the van- says Bill Sheridan, but only 17 have been into the process. Today I go to public ous acts. That means spending lots of finally approved b• y his office. The rest meetings where I hear the public holding time on the phone and at meetings en- still need revisions. elected officials accountable to the plans." eouraging cities and towns to complete In some cases, the review process has their plans and meet other deadlines. bulked up the final plans.Marilyn Cohen, Stuart Meck is the principal investigator for "We really want to expand the capac ACCP, the planning director of North AP'R's Gaowi vc SMnar project. ity and capability of the locals to do Kingstown,notes that her town's approved 16 Planning November 1997 P L A N N I N G P R A C T I C E Rising From the Ashes - --- -- ---- rt.�a Industrial corridors are making a comeback—as three cities prove. <-___...,... e ►fid �► dK // Nyirtn[I IJUT ,��/ "n✓' �..mb 1 g�Ocrn dB Ast . ke d� • Milwaukee Makeover /—'`mss �'-'� ilwaukee has been 7� :y ` � e' m trying to shed its7 �!� �� � �: Rustbelt image—but t�� � � the task hasn't been easy. - m'.�- ��' t. The city was hit hard by the "This corridor has all thee ' �- recession of the early 1980s, ingredients you need for de- losing 56,000 manufacturing velopment, from easy access k q -x jobs between 1979 and 1983. to the freeway to good mass 000 , Despite the area's low un- transit to an existing business suiting of suburban Brookfield, .m employment rate—it has been community with a sense of conducted a market analysis below five percent since purpose," says Milwaukee that divided the corridor into 1988—parts of the city still County Executive F. Thomas five geographic subsections. are struggling to recover from Ament."The only thing it lacks With the ICUs approval, the Manufacturing,the new North the loss of industry. is developable land." team developed a series of strat- Avenue Commerce Center,and No area has struggled more "From the standpoint of costs, egies for each area.Those strat- Master Lock. than the 30th Street industrial the inner city is extremely corn- egies ranged from the bold(cre- Due to demolitions, several corridor, a 6.4-mile strip run- petitive with suburban sites," ating a thriving corporate properties had already reverted ning north from the edge of adds John Perry,Jr.,vice-presi- campus at the southwestern to city ownership. Planners downtown through the pre- dent of the ICC and the owner edge of the corridor to capital- felt that the empty land, dominantly minority central of Compo Corporation,a metal ize on the tourism potential of coupled with low residential city. Once the region's most fabricator. "The price of the Harley-Davidson and Miller property values,meant it would productive manufacturing cen- land itself is lower,the need to Brewing)to the mundane(main- be relatively easy to assemble ter and still home to well-known provide transportation for work- taming the northern sectors as large parcels for redevelop- companies like Master Lock, ers is nonexistent, and it costs industrial neighborhoods). ment. They believed technol- Miller Brewing, and Harley- far less to renovate an existing But what most captivated ogy firms would be enticed by Davidson, the corridor lost building than it does to build a ICC leaders was the idea of the proximity to downtown three-fifths of its manufactur- new one,particularly when the using a 160-acre tract in the services and universities and ing jobs between 1972 and economy is as strong as it is southeastern part of the corri- the incentives available under 1990. Unemployment rates in today." dor for a new industrial park, the state development zone nearby neighborhoods now In January 1995,armed with tentatively called the Triangle law—which mimics the fed- stand at nearly 20 percent,and a $30,000 grant from Milwau- Commerce Center. Few de- eral enterprise zone legislation. once bustling industrial lands kee County and a$15,000 match tails have been worked out, The entire Triangle neighbor- stand vacant because of envi- from member businesses, the but the overall aim would be hood falls within a state de- ronmental contamination. ICC hired a team of consult- to attract high-tech firms, es- velopment zone. ants—headed up by Landscape pecially those with an envi- ICC leaders adopted the mas- Defining the need Architects of Milwaukee—to ronmental focus. The center ter plan in April 1996 and that The effort to reinvigorate the develop a master plan. "We was also envisioned as a neigh- summer formed a special com- corridor began in 1990,when had 1,400 acres of prime real borhood anchor—and a spark mittee to focus on the two im- several businesses and the estate with infrastructure all for new housing and retail. peratives for making the plan a local Sherman Park Commu- around it yielding no value inThat strategy seemed real- success:cleanup of contaminated nity Association created a non- the marketplace," says Brian istic.. Fond du Lac Avenue, a brownfield sites and improved profit organization to attract Kliesmet,the firm's president. major thoroughfare in the Tri- transportation access. At this new firms to the area. The "We were confident we could angle neighborhood, already point,the committee is still plug- 30th Street Industrial Corri- create a marketable product." linked the 30th Street corridor ging away at those two tasks. dor Corporation (ICC) now with revitalization on the north- includes more than 100 busi- Developing a vision em edge of downtown. And Brownfields cleanup nesses, individuals, and In 1995 another planning team the neighborhood had three ICC leaders recognized that organizations. member,Mooney LeSage Con- existing anchors in Steeltech even with the best marketing 17 P L A N N I N G P R A C T I C E - vav Ueel�pmni -- Transportation battle leaders have abandoned their 5 J Transportation issues are road-widening advocacy of � stickier. A key component of forts, opting instead to work ° � -°tzrua rna u4 a1 * m ;,r" •• the Triangle neighborhood plan with the city on brownfields, r. "®4' is the widening of Fond du workforce development,crime - Lac Avenue,the four-lane thor- reduction,and other issues on "�' T oughfare that links downtown which there is a common sense _ Milwaukee with its northwest of direction. side and suburbs. According L=ra'nd to Kliesmet, "the strategy was Just another plan? • to bund nes J1 ac,e_ to make the road more acces- Those closest to the ICC's plan- - „ e sible for trucks and employ- ning effort are optimistic about 4 ees,which would enable us to implementation."So far we've compete with any other in- seen a remarkable degree of dustrial park within a 10-mile commitment among area poli- radius." ticians, neighborhood groups, However, the ICC's pro- businesses, and residents to 5 posal coincided with the re- work out any minor differ- Milwauhee's Triangle Commerce Center lease of a separate city-funded ences and focus on the big development plan includes housing as well study, which concluded that picture,"says George Christen- as areas for industrial and commercial use. One area will feature a mix of first floor Fond du Lac Avenue should son, the ICC's executive di- commercial uses and second floor residences, be improved, but not wid- rector."This plan has provided offering tenants the potential to live where ened, so that existing struc- us with the step-by-step ap- they work. tures could be saved. Street proach to reinvigorating our widening "tears down a lot corridor that has been missing of buildings and takes tax base in the past." off the rolls of the city," said "I don't think we have a Mayor John O. Norquist in choice," adds Michael Mor- plan, the best infrastructure, the U.S. Environmental Pro- explaining the city's position gan, the city's Commissioner and the most accessible tection Agency's Brown-fields this summer. of City Development. "If any workforce, the ICC would be Initiative. Last February, EPA The ICC plan offers a corn- urban area—including Milwau- hard pressed to compete with administrator Carol Browner promise. Besides suggesting kee—is going to be competi- suburban greenfields because, came to Milwaukee to announce that Fond du Lac Avenue be tive economically,then it must as Kliesmet puts it, "you add her approval,granting the ICC widened,the plan embraces a recycle lands that were for- the cost of cleanup and it kills $200,000 to identify and pri- proposal to build a light rail merly in productive use." every deal." But it took a mas- oritize cleanup sites. line down the middle of the When the contamination and ter plan—plus some skillful State officials joined up.Gov. street—and to add light rail transportation issues are re- public relations work by the Tommy Thompson proposed stations within walking dis- solved, cleanup and redevel- ICC and the Triangle commit- a $20 million grant program tance of the Triangle Commerce opment can proceed. No one tee—to convince several of the as part of his 1997-99 state Center.That proposal was part knows how long redevelop- region's most prominent budget as the centerpiece of a of the state's major investment ment will take—or when the elected leaders that brownfields statewide brownfields cleanup study for the 20-mile-long I-94 Triangle Commerce Center will were a priority. program. The final state bud- corridor between Milwaukee be a reality. But if the plan- Elected officials started turn- get,signed in mid-October,in- and Waukesha,completed ear- ners are correct,the 30th Street ing words into action. In July cluded $10 million for the Tier this year. corridor eventually will be on 1996,county executive Ament brownfields program. Local Norquist has said he could its way to better days. announced the county would officials had been confident support a wider road if the Rob Henken spend $5 million over three about state funding. "The will widening took place solely to years to buy and clean up con- is there," says Ament. "Too accommodate light rail. But Henken has worked on transpor taminlated lands for business much of Milwaukee County that option is on hold for now, tation and economic development development. Soon after that, has lain fallow because of pending a decision on the more issues in Milwaukee for the past the ICC teamed up with the brownfields,and that's a prob- politically explosive issue of three years. Hte is presently ex- county and the city of Milwau- lem not only for our county, whether to build any light rail ecutive director of the Milwau kee to pursue a grant under but for the region and the state." at all. In the meantime, ICC kee Jobs Initiative. 18 Planning November 1997 P L A N N I N G P R A C T I C E St. Paul Overhaul ig^ A 0 nce a robust blue collar by $7 million a year and add ` . ' . �` - area filled with facto $3 million a year to state in ries and heavy Indus- come tax receipts. e . °'- .a try, the East Side of St. Paul, : ` Minnesota,has lost 2,000 jobs Making it happen v ? since the 1980s. But now a The Phalen Corridor Initiative, " decade-long effort at revitaliz- under way since the early �.' ing part of the East Side—the 1990s,has engaged more than -: °` Phalen Corridor Initiative—is 1,000 East Side residents and about to start paying off. business people and linked ` The corridor's first tangible them with the city's planning change is a 25-acre industrial department. Money for the park scheduled to open in Sep project has come from state, tember 1998 at Williams Hill,a federal,and local government parcel of land off I-35E just and nonprofit sources. ,,The north of downtown that is now Phalen Corridor Initiative has being leveled and cleaned up. been„ a major priority for the More than 60 businesses, city, says St.Paul Mayor Norm 2 F �� nonprofits, and government Coleman. "This really repre agencies have been involved in Bents public-private partner- the Phalen Corridor Initiative, ship at its best." whose goals are to restore the Creating the corridor has been In addition, the state De ing ranging from 1930s bun- corridor byretaining 4,000 jobs, a slow process. Today the area partment of Transportation has galows to 1960s ranches, tree creating 2,000 more, and re- is a patchwork of public and set aside $30 million to con shaded streets, a golf course, turning 100 acres of brown private property filled with auto nect Phalen Boulevard to I- and a neighborhood lake big fields-10 percent of the city's salvage yards, waste transfer 35E once the St.Paul city coun- enough to sail on. Till'e area polluted land—back to produc stations, and vacant industrial cil decides between two has two vibrant retastrips, tive use.The corridor itself will land.The new road,Phalen Bou- options, a new interchange or and it is contiguous with the be carved from a 2.5 mile strip levard, cannot be built until an a link with an existing one. fastest growing suburbs in the of land bordering the tracks of environmentalimpactstatement Other state money will be Twin Cities. The 3M Com- theUnion Pacific Railroad—with is complete—it is going out for needed to clean up the several pany's abrasives and tape plant a new, $48 million road as the public comment in January— brownfields in the area—Will- employs 1,000 East Siders,and centerpiece. and construction funds have iams Hill having been only Stroh's and other manufactur- Another idea is to demolish been lined up.The city is seek- the first—and the,city has com- ers employ hundreds. a failed shopping center called ing $38.6 million of the $48 mitted $9.6 millon for other No single entity created the Phalen Village, help relocate million cost from federal ISTEA improvements as well. blueprint for the Phalen Cor the few remaining businesses, funds, but ISTEA reauthorize- ridor Initiative.It simply grew and let the land revert to wet- tion is still pending in Congress. The concept from the efforts of neighbor- lands. Commercial and retail Some money has already With a third of the city's land hood groups, union officials, areas on or near the corridor been spent on smaller parts of mass and_a2 third of its copula the planning department, and would be spruced up,and hous- the corridor plan. More than tion of 272,000, the East Side local politicians working on ing would be rehabbed or built $10 million from various gov became a concern as it slid various East Side projects."It's from scratch. ernment sources went into into poverty. Two-fifths of not just the city's idea, it's not To ensure the project's suc cleaning up Williams Hill and Ramsey County's welfare re- just a neighborhood idea, and cess, the city's Planning and creating infrastructure for the cipients live on the East Side, it's not just a business com Economic Development De- new industrial park, and $1.2 and nearly two-fifths of the munity idea," says Craig partment is working with non million was spent for the neighborhood's workers are Johnson, manager of Norwest profit community groups to corridor's environmental im unemployed, according to the Bank Minnesota's Phalen of- train workers and teach En- pact statement. Another $4.2 city's planning department.The {ice. "The business commu glish, a necessity in a neigh million is being used to re- percentage of residents in pov- nity and local government and born where Hmong, Viet store the wetlands at the now erty jumped from 13.6 per- community groups have de n a m e s e, and Hispanics defunct Phalen shopping cen cent in 1980 to 29.5 percent in cided to work together to move represent a growing portion ter, and $1 million more has 1990. things forward." of the population. The result- gone into a bike and pedes Yet the East Side is far from "If not us, who, and if not ing jobs are expected to re- trian path linking the East Side a basket case. Many sections now, when?"was the prevail duce public assistance costs with other trails. still have solid,affordable hous- ing sentiment, says Curt 19 I' L A N N I N G P R A C T I C E Charlotte's Success positions,but they have prob- at started out a de one focus of St.Paul's Phalen Corridor lems with day care, trans- Bade ago as a tree plant- " Initiative is Williams Hill,a brownfield portation and, especially, ing scheme for the sag- site located a mile north of the downtown. speaking and writing English," ging old Wilkinson Boulevard As drown in this CAD view, when he says. corridor connecting the cen- completed the 25-acre properly would Escobedo has begun a 30- ter of Charlotte, North Caro- be the first of 11 renewed industrial week program with a local lina, to Charlotte Douglas In- sites along the corridor. Proximity to public school to offer English ternational Airport has evolved I-35E enhances its attractiveness to lessons to 60 Hispanics. Simi- into a multimillion dollar re- industry. lar efforts have begun through vitalization program involving Ramsey County to teach the nine of the city's industrial ter, community's burgeoning and commercial corridors. • �tlSoutheast Asian population.For It's not often that Charlotte's � . . those who speak English, the bipartisan city council mem- Job Bank offers training for bers see eye to eye when spend- . jobs in warehouses, produc- ing public dollars, but even tion facilities, and the hospi- the fiscally conservative ones tality industry. have given the Urban Busi- Some say still more effort is ness Corridor Program strong needed. "I don't think a lot(of support. One reason is that Southeast Asians)know about corridor revitalization was Milburn, project director of Bank, namely workers. The [the initiative], especially in never presented as a beautifi the Phalen Corridor Initiative, East Side business commu- the minority communities," cation project; it has always the nonprofit agency now co- nity wants to see that any says Chao Lee, an outreach been cast in terms of economic ordinating corridor-related ac- new companies locating in specialist with District Two development. tivities. "The changes in the the Phalen Corridor hire at Community Council. "The "We started out looking only neighborhood were alarming." least half their workforce from people planning the corridor at the physical conditions of Countless meetings were the neighborhood,if not right have not reached out to the the corridors, but now we're held until three priorities were away at least within a few minority community that taking a more holistic ap- set: a transportation corridor, years, he says. much, either. It's led more at proach," says Laura Harmon, job creation, and brownfield New companies are likely the business and government a planner with the Charlotte- remediation. Unlike other because the local economy is level." Mecklenburg Planning Com- projects,where the city's plan- strong, and in fact light indus- Others have begun to take mission and one of the coordi- ning department and the St. trial firms have shown inter- notice. In the Dayton's Bluff nators of the corridor program. Paul Port Authority take the est in the Phalen Corridor,says area, several aging Victorian lead, the Phalen Corridor Ini- John Young, vice-president of homes have been restored and Getting the ball rolling tiative had many contributors. the St. Paul Port Authority, one sold this year for more The corridor program picked "The people helped define is- which is paying for the cleanup than $150,000, the first in the up steam in 1988, when the sues and we worked together at Williams Hill.He notes that neighborhood to break that voters of Charlotte (pop. in a partnership," says Nancy the Williams Hill development mark. 513,000) overwhelmingly Frick, a St. Paul city planner already has attracted the in- "The Phalen Corridor Ini- approved a $5 million street who works on the initiative. terest of several businesses tiative gives us a chance to bond to improve not only "That relationship was repli- looking to fill one of its six pull ourselves up and turn Wilkinson Boulevard but four cated on the political side,with parcels. ourselves around," says Ber- other gateway corridors lead- the community's politicians Some East Siders will need nard Baumann, a native of ing into"the Uptown,"the city's working for funding of Phalen help landing the new jobs. the neighborhood who works central business district. The Corridor Initiative projects.And Many in the Hispanic and at 3M and serves as the presi- funds could be used for such there was foundation involve- Hmong communities are first dent of the East Side Area improvements as landscaping, ment—the 3M Foundation gave generation Americans or in Business Association. "This median redesign, curbs and $100,000 for the environmen- the process of gaining citi- is the best thing to happen to gutters,sidewalks,crosswalks, tal impact statement,which is zenship, says Xavier Esco- the East Side since the 3Ms bus shelters, and decorative unique in my experience." bedo, coordinator of the East of the world moved in." entrance monuments.In 1996, Side Job Bank at Merrick Com- Frank Jossi voters approved another $2.5 Marketing the corridor munity Services (itself one million to expand the program One resource is abundant, of the initiative's projects). Jossi is a freelance writer in St. to four more corridors, and says Craig Johnson of Norwest "I have people to place in Paulthe city threw in over $1 mil- 20 Planning November 1997 P L A N N I N G P R A C T I C E ., o., N eS i �� a k?_ `4 .,i `9 ,f is i, % $tea ✓ �" 6 .:, . .,,,. : t _ ,, ___ ,e,.,. , Camden Square in Charlotte's South �' 4 , Boulevard corridor includes a former cottonseed oil factory that is being q � � transformed into an interior designm4,„, , ift,"� t ' ° center.The South End trans ortation ,+ ; corridor is the oldest one in the cit 74.1444 .-0 , -, ,,,,y.„0,,. ' r_. �� ' I lion of general funds. A total cus on back office businesses closed up old cotton mill; an an old cottonseed oil factory. of about 20 miles of corridors and service establishments abandoned rail line paralleled And a res ore and down the is involved. such as restaurants and re- the street. ley now runs Business owners, develop- pair shops. South Boulevard was one of tracks from South p End to the ers,realtors,and residents have Soon after the task force de- the original five corridors edge of the Uptown. Eventu- been working closely with the cided to bow to reality, the tagged for revitalization. The ally it may roll right through city ever since the first bond city hired a local public rela- city's urban designers and en- the heart of the center city. issue was approved.Task forces tions consultant to promote gineers drew their plans to The South End Development and, in some cases, develop- the new vision and help change improve the streetscape and Corporation (SEDC), the non- ment corporations have been the corridor's negative image. geared up for construction.But profit group guiding the trans- formed for all the corridors. The effort paid off recently it wasn't until developer Tony formation of the area, has at And each group is assigned a when several new employers Pressley came into the picture tracted $1.5 million out of the liaison from the city's multi renovated and moved into old in the early 1990s that this city's overall fund for corri- department corridor team to commercial spaces. Area rest- dilapidated area came alive. dor infrastructure improve help connect the group to city dents are getting at least some Working with the city,prop- m.ents, and another $50,000 services. of their wishes met; the in erty and business owners,and in local Neighborhood Match- Market analyses have been crease in employment activity the neighborhood associations ing Grant Funds to erect ban completed for four corridors— has heightened the demand from both sides of the tracks, ners on the corridor's new deco- and they've made a big dif- for more restaurants and other Pressley charged into the 10- rative light poles and place ference. Area residents and small-scale businesses. block area, now known as historic markers on notable business people along Free- South End.He first converted buildings. The group also dom Drive, a once thriving Big change the 13-acre Atherton Mill site helped the city obtain a$50,000 commercial corridor where Of all the corridors,Charlotte's into a specialty retail, restau- federal Environmental Protec- Target and other regional re- South Boulevard has changed rant, and office complex that tion Agency grant to help clean tailers had recently moved the most dramatically.Six years also includes studio space for up brownfields in South End. out,were eager to attract that ago, this 1.5-mile area just artists.Then came the conver Much has happened in 10 type of business again. But southwest of the Uptown was sion of an old warehouse into years. But Charlotte contin- afterlistening to Atlanta-based essentially a dead zone sepa- the popular South End Brew- ues its quest for ways to up- Haddow and Company,a real rating two quite different neigh- cry and Smokehouse.Then loft grade its inner-city corridors. estate marketing firm hired borhoods, one upscale and condominiums. Zoning, crime, shifting mar- to study the corridor in 1996, mostly white, the other poor Other investors dived in,and kets, image, and alternative the Freedom Drive Task Force and mostly African American. to date over $40 million of funding are among the many accepted the fact that regional The corridor was lined with private capital has poured into issues yet to be resolved. retailers were gone for good. old, vacant, o.r partially occu- South End. More projects are Carol Stealey Morris Haddow suggested a less glam- pied industrial buildings, in- in the works,including Camden orous, but more realistic op- eluding Atherton Mill, a to- Sivare, a center for the inte- Morris is a planner and freelance tion: that Freedom Drive to- story, 200,0 0 0-square-foot nor design trade being built in writer in Charlotte. PLANNING a � s FOR THE 40. NFORMATION AGE Electronic Town Meetings Electronic Town Meetings are a powerful new planning tool that can present complex issues and engage the public in serious dialogue. Learn of the successes of Houston and Savannah in engaging the community in planning. 25-minutes video: Resource hook: demonstrates the process ) explains the entire process illustrates the key elements ) provides a step-by-step how-to guide provides insight into the use of ETMs Learn how to build relationships with the media and create planning processes with high visi- bility impact. Show this video to your mayor, city council, planning commission, and staff. Are you prepared for the information age? APA gives you a critical new tool. Produced by Ron Thomas, AICP and Mike Hollinshead with KCTS-TV Seattle in partnership with APA I.1 .1 Order from Planners Book Service 122 S. Michigan Ave., Ste. 1600 Chicago, IL 60603-6107 312-431 -9100 312-431-9985 fax APA members $124.95; others $134.95 22 Planning November 1997 Mickey Klein inspects a German-made high-speed Intercity Express train being tried out on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor.An American manufacturer was chosen instead. Along for / the Ride 0-i• We've come a long 4I6 -:.-:°°,. °,`...°°,,,-,;A,,,. �� g way, says this , s �� � � t longtime federal transportation tCD planner. But �� A. t *It there's a lot more .. as, mow' to be done. �� CA re� �. Cs By Marilyn W. Klein a � � .,, , n the late 1960s,when I started work- Department of Transportation, which was Act, and our office was also given the Iing for the U.S.Department of Trans- authorized by Congress as a cabinet agency responsibility of overseeing the environ- portation, the environmental move- in 1966. Curiously,many of the things that mental impact statements that were re- ment was gaining momentum, and we take for granted today and that are quired by the law. new rail transit systems were being associated with ISTEA—including the value It was an exciting time to be involved built in San Francisco and Washington, of public participation--had their genesis in transportation. The law was changing D.C. At the same time, federal funding in the act that created the agency. constantly in response to newly articu- for transit was almost nonexistent, and Ostensibly, the act gave the Secretary lated social and environmental concerns. rail passenger service nationwide was on of Transportation oversight responsibil- In 1973,Congress voted to allow states to a declining path. ity for areas that had formerly been scat- give up interstate highway funds in favor In some ways, we've come a long way tered among different agencies:highways, of transit projects to be funded from the since then, but we still have far to go to aviation, railroads, and the Coast Guard. general treasury. Three years later, this achieve an effective transportation sys- In 1968,public transportation was added provision was broadened to allow inter- tem. Highway and air congestion has to the list. In fact, however, all of these state substitution funds to be used for increased dramatically—along with noise, areas were not equal. Funding levels dif- busways and smaller road projects. air and water pollution,energy consump- fered greatly, and there were frequent Public participation in all stages of tion, and sprawl. Yet we still lack the internal policy conflicts. transportation planning began to be re- vision—and the commitment—that are I joined the department in late 1969, quired.Housing relocation costs incurred needed to change the status quo. the year in which Secretary John Volpe as a result of displacement by highway The passage in 1991 of the Intermodal established the Office of the Assistant construction could now be covered by Surface Transportation Efficiency Act was Secretary for Environment and Urban the highway trust fund, and, ultimately, a hopeful sign. Under ISTEA, state trans- Systems. One of the major responsibili- highway agencies could even build new portation departments have far greater ties of this office was to coordinate the housing or refurbish existing units for funding flexibility. Instead of automati- department's implementation of Section residents displaced by highway projects. cally widening roads and wiping out 4(f) of the DOT Act, a provision that parkland, they are considering a broad prevented the secretary from approving On our watch range of transportation alternatives. The any project that required the use of pub- Perhaps the most significant project I question now is whether Congress will lic parkland or historic sites unless there worked on involved a proposal for a 3.7- keep the essential features of ISTEA and was no "feasible and prudent" alterna- mile, six-lane segment of Interstate 40 include even more flexibility in its reau- tive.If there was no alternative,the project that would have destroyed 26 wooded thorization bill. planners had to prove that they had done acres of Overton Park in Memphis and everything possible to minimize harm. separated the park from its zoo.The 342- Birth of an agency A month later,President Richard Nixon acre park is a local landmark, based on a I came in almost at the creation of the U.S. signed the National Environmental Policy late 19th century design by landscape 23 architect 474, George Kessler.. The proposed route of Interstate 40 would have bisected a 175 acre, A month before I arrved, Volpe ap- old growth forest in Memphis's Overton Park. The park was designed proved the ro ect,reaffirmingthe revi by George Kessler, known for his work on Kansas City's park system. .4e4 p J p 4, - �� � .' ous route selection. An alternative route ' would have bisected a low-income black . . - .t4. � ° tom, " community. Fully depressing and cover • �: ing the road through the park was ruled ` -,,,,..1.17:144„.., --.; �" out because of its high cost. ; '41.4°.°4::::... . � = '.--:__ ' �'zi' � s ; „.kivi. .., :r-... ,,, .::;y% ,4' In December, a nonprofit group called �' �° �`T� • :0$.4 1 '" t 4 N `H *i i- i'+ \ Tao Citizens to Preserve Overton Park filed Y • * ''� , + "4 v �. +F� h sr. t suit against the secretary under Section �' A. . f 4(f) of the DOT Act, a case that went all h# � ` s the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. In S {t ' r , a,•a .' uhf � " s the Court's 1971 o inion,Justice Thurgood ," p g ' . 'u.�, , ,� �;� � � ,,���, �;�� • a ;, � ��" Marshall held that protecting parkland ;. 'i � • " was of paramount importance and that c �� , ;44_ s' ' l''''.''.4- - Vol e's decision was not in com liance � p p i ,-.44,,,.. r � � 1�; � . with Section 4�f�. "The few green havens t a S that are public parks were not to be lost ° z 1 > ��� u . ;' '� ' unless there were truly unusual factors t ' i• iUzi � iIntl hl ' ad . • present," Marshall wrote, or unless "theme � cost or community disruption resulting - - - .. i �i f ` from alternative routes reached extraor- - �` x . dinary magnitudes. -�,, The case was remanded to the secre • � _ •-- tary for new findings,and in 1973,DOT's • .° • ems v .o approval of the disputed section was re- scinded on the ground that there were transportation alternatives that had not 1 oe French Creek Viaduct carries Interstate 70 thro«gk Glenwood been considered. Eight years later, Ten -2anyon, Colorado. nessee Gov. Lamar Alexander and Mem o ` �' phis Mayor Wyeth Chandler requested 1+� that the road project be officially with- s drawn from the interstate system, and DOT officials agreed. �` � � . 5 • New way of thinking , i '� *°` q The Supreme Court decisioninthe Overton w s `"" Park case gave the environmental office • ` new inspiration. We began to insist even _ * more strongly than in the past that high ways built with federal funds must be , sensitive to the natural landscape. An early test case was the routing of Interstate 70 through Glenwood Canyon, - Colorado. Original plans called for the road to be built on piers over the Colo- Colorado. olo rado River. With our encouragement, . state transportation officials hired two ` • design teams, led by architects and engi � neers Joseph Passonneau and Edgardo a Contini,to jointly come up with an alter s � � + native. The result was an elegant blend /1 ing of road, short tunnels, river, and canyon that is now considered one of the l � � most beautiful highways in the world. �' Another success was I 90, which con ` nects Seattle to Mercer Island, Washing • ton. In this case, working with the corn- .. om ` • �pf munity and the Federal Highway1. ,.� , Administration, we were able to ensure � handsome landscaping on the island. It �' l was also through our encouragement that 4 I\ federal highway funds were used to deck ' x '�. i, 24 Planning November 1997 Boston to New York in three hours. Coming soon, thanks to and the Swift Rail Development Act have Amtrak. The first U.S.-made high-speed train is expected to begin provided funds for high-speed rail eco- carrying Northeast Corridor passengers in 1999. nomic and technological research.I would do more,along the following lines: * • Ensure that Amtrak receives stable, .,' a ,. `,.4 ` long-term funding like that long enjoyed by the air and highway interests. And allow the states to spend some of their federal transportation dollars for inter- city passenger rail.They can already use these funds for commuter rail,local tran- .�� ,, sit,and bikeways.Why not intercity rail? ' • Provide funds to finish upgrading Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and to re- t® t ' store Manhattan's handsome Farley Post Office as the principal New York assen- ger station.The result will be a first-class transportation alternative for huge num- * bers of travelers and reductions in air and highway congestion between Wash- ington, New York, and Boston. "" • Stop treating high-speed rail devel- opment as a stepchild in our transporta- � - ' tion system and provide startup funds for ', °"® ° promising new projects,thus giving high- speed rail the same kind of encourage- 'i Y.a - ment that highway and aviation programs are used to. For funding, consider tap- ping the aviation trust fund. over I-5 in downtown Seattle. Freeway that wasn't enough to cover electrifica- • Fund the short-distance magnetic levi- Park is now a serene and beautiful urban tion of the line north of New Haven.That tation pilot project that Congress is now oasis. is now being done. considering. New maglev systems being Our participation helped elsewhere, The completion of this project and the developed in Germany and Japan have too. In Atlanta, Cincinnati, St. Louis, introduction of 150 mile-per-hour high- the potential to travel at speeds of 250- Cleveland,Harrisburg,Pennsylvania,and speed trains will get travelers from New 300 miles per hour,offering an attractive numerous other places,roads were modi- York to Boston in just three hours. option for some high-density intercity fied,depressed,or bridged to retain corn- corridors in the U.S. munity cohesion and to avoid destruc- What can we do? • Permit flexible funding for rail freight tion of valued community assets. Some Intermodal thinking has been in the air at intermodal terminals or short connec- roads were never built as other alterna- DOT for well over a decade.I took part in tions that improve overall transportation tives were developed. several department outreach efforts that efficiency. were influential in raising consciousness • Protect ISTEA's public transit fea- Focus on rail about the need for changes in transporta- tures. After a three-year stint at the President's tion policy and legislation. They were • Provide incentives for local programs Council on Environmental Quality, I went also key factors in the development of that tie land-use development to trans- back to the Department of Transportation ISTEA. portation, using the experience of Port- in late 1977, this time with the Federal But nothing that came before was land, Oregon, as a model. Railroad Administration's Office of Policy. quite like ISTEA. In its funding flexibil- • Retain ISTEA's congestion mitiga- The FRA's broad scope meant that ity, and in its attention to nonhighway tion and air quality program, which has our office was involved in all aspects of transportation and to the links between allowed communities to seek creative intercity rail, from Amtrak and the de- modes, the act broke new ground in solutions to transportation problems.Also velopment of high-speed rail, to freight transportation policy. save the enhancement program, which policy and intermodal transfers, to .In one respect, however, the act does has provided transportation-related ameni- preservation of historic stations. I took not go far enough. The flexibility that ties throughout the nation. an active interest in encouraging good allows the states to choose between • Use taxes, gas charges, and conges- design, including public art in trans- highways and transit projects does not, tion pricing to make people aware of the portation facilities, and developing de- in most cases, extend to intercity rail true costs of highway driving—and peak sign award programs. projects. period flying—especially where good One project, begun over 20 years ago, If I had Congress's ear as it considers transportation alternatives are available. has gotten new life. That's the improve- ISTEA reauthorization, I would put in a ment of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor be- pitch for intercity rail. The 1991 law pro- Mickey Klein recently retired as environmen- tween Washington, D.C., and Boston. vided $30 million to help five potential tal policies adviser at the Federal Railroad Congress authorized over $2 billion for high-speed passenger rail corridors elimi- Administration. She is now a consultant in the project between 1976 and 1986, but nate hazardous grade crossings,and ISTEA Washington,D.C. ,+ . . •• • • • ' 'p Don't know where to turn? p© :p 'gyp Se ••© O©' • © , °0 Op •O . A# • • ' .49 04.. p•• Op ©O •p0 ©0 '•0.. v. ©4bh .••.0 4>414 ..•4)' . •4•4›..00.'.....4 S4). ° °©' ® a pp ' •' ' O . p . •a • p©pt©p I$ p®O °p©.• •�°© ©° O ° . o ° °a ' . • • • • • . 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The Planning impact fees and bed and breakfasts • Advisory service is your best ... from day care and flag lots to • source of information about groundwater protection and solid • planning.For more information on waste management. • PAS,write to APA,122 S.Michigan • Avenue,Suite 1600,Chicago, We'll lend you the reports and . Illinois 60603,or call 312-431-9100. periodicals you need and get • We'll be happy to send you an them to you quickly.We mail • application and talk to you about loan materials first class.If you • how PAS can help you. need something quickly,we send• it out the same day as your in- • quiry.You can depend on PAS. • You'll be a-MAZE-d at the results! • • 26 Planning November 1997 P L A N N I N G N E W S - _ PMN( _ r `- , f - '' � �^.. -` ., few , ,- �. -. s , e" � s �^ EEEMENIARY ,�".. + Sacramento Redevelopment altogether and the rehabilitation of many 500 financed pri Uses New Urbanist Fund more. HUD developed the design and vately. There _ '�` Sacramento officials,basking in the glow planning principles in collaboration with will be detached of$10.5 million in grants and loans from the inner-city task force of the Congress houses, town- the U.S. Department of Housing and Ur- for the New Urbanism. houses,courtyard units,and apartments, ban Development,are moving ahead with The project in Sacramento(pop.370,000 with densities ranging from four to 20 Del Paso Nuevo,a redevelopment project will be a new neighborhood within Del units per acre. Single-family houses will following New Urbanism principles. Paso Heights, "one of the city's most be priced between$85,000 and$120,000. HUD last spring awarded the Sacra- distressed neighborhoods," says Jeffrey When built, Del Paso Nuevo will pro mento Housing and Redevelopment Townsend of Vail Engineering Corpora- vide neighborhood shopping,recreation, Agency $5 million in grants and $5.5 tion, who prepared the master plan and and access to job opportunities within million in loan guarantees to install infra- design guidelines. walking distance. Streets fit into pat- structure, acquire key properties, and Much of the 150-acre site is vacant, terns of surrounding neighborhoods.The jump start a public-private partnership to but there are about 190 buildings,all but core of Del Paso Nuevo has a school, carry out the master plan for Del Paso 20 or so occupied, says Alberto Esquivel, library,church,civic center,and parkland, Nuevo. program manager at the Sacramento Hous- surrounded by residential uses. There It is one of six projects receiving funds ing and Redevelopment Agency.The mas- are already bus stops on the eastern and in HUD's Homeownership Zone program. ter plan carves the land into smaller lots, western edges of the area, each a quar The others,chosen from more than 1,00.0 Townsend says, "provides an opportu- ter-mile or less from the core; they link applications, are in cities east of the Mis- pity for more people to own homes,"and the new neighborhood to a regional light sissippi—Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland, an opportunity for landowners, most of rail system. Louisville, and Philadelphia. The money them absentee, to profit by subdividing. The Redevelopment Agency is work- will help finance nearly 1,900 new homes The plan also calls for 800 new homes, ing with residents and city officials to 27 in August accepted a definition of the "This TCP determination is a bit un- The street` of boundaries of the Ocmulgee Old Fields usual in that (members of) the culture to Del Paso Nuevo oz presented by Muscogee Creek tribal whom these lands are important are not Sacramento leaders. residing in the vicinity," says Marilyn extension of the Muscogee officials assert that the tribe's Harper,a historian in the National Regis- present egis- r t Silver Eagleancestral homeland near Macon is sa- ter section of the National Park Service in Road i :right to cred and represents more than 12,000 Washington. "The practices and beliefs left in theft years of Muscogee civilization.Most mem- carried by the Muscogee Creek Nation to WO.The new roadbers of the nation now live on tribal Oklahoma demonstrate how very impor- �S �� Oklahoma. tant the Old Fields are for ceremonial lands in Okmulgee, N gt ' otod Avenue, The cultural property designation puts and religious use." a five-to-eight mile segment of the pro- Sue Snaman Edwards, AICP , commerciai area and ' senior citizen housing posed Fall Line Freeway in central Geor- °���� ��� r gia on hold. U.S. and Georgia highway Edwards lives in Roswell,Georgia. buildingsto civic �' officials now have to study alternative road alignments, prepare an environ Revisioning Starts Plan 1 mental impact statement, and satisfy other environmental and historic pres- Update Effort in Corvallis fXP8. : ervation requirements. Times have changed and in some ways I The freeway, part of a statewide road the vision has changed,but the people of OH PASO 010D100improvement program,will connect Ma- Corvallis, Oregon, are still visioning for � :" con with Columbus to the west and Au- the future. gusta to the east.Transportation officials In 1989"Charting a Coursefor Corvallis" ' ,,,, -"— 1 have studied potential alignments for the was Oregon's first comprehensive effort A s " " f project for more than 11 years, encoun- to develop a community vision. Many \, `tLtering opposition based on natural re- other communities followed.Eight years "" ��`` ��: source,flood control,and archaeological later Corvallis (pop. 50,000) has corn- - concerns.The cultural property designa- pleted what consultant Steven Ames,AICP, � sb�}„ , tion delays design and construction even calls a"revisioning."The city council this 1 more. I, --n summer adopted"The Corvallis 2020 Vi- . ,,,,_ ��"- &°� '� The 1805 Treaty of Washington and sion Statement,"which will be published later treaties forced the Muscogee people in a brochure next month. (It is available to leave Alabama and Georgia, includ- now on the web atwww.ci.corvallis.or.us.) ing the rich river bottom near Macon. Revisioning in Corvallis differed from , k Ay Muscogee leaders have always refused the original process. It took only seven 7 to cede a three-by-five-mile tract that months this time, compared with almost contains mounds of the Ocmulgee Na- two years initially, says David Dodson, °. tional Monument and other sites iden- AICP, associate planner in the city plan- "EE" P .Y tified in oral histories and traditions of ning department.The first visioning was peoples once part of the Muscogee a sweeping community effort, including Confederacy. an outside speaker,outreach to the schools, MARTIN:Ut «MG I Placing a traditional cultural prop- workshops with children, and the in- " erty on the National Register of His- volvement of business, environmental toric Places is like listing a historic groups, and other organizations. district, but the designation is rarely This year's process, managed by the refine the plan and obtain planning ap- used in the eastern U.S., where few planning department,developed data and provals. Townsend hopes the city coun- Indians live on historic tribal lands. consensus in several ways, Dodson says. cil will create a special planning district The National Register defines traditional One source of public opinion was a 20- and make other zoning changes by next cultural properties as geographic places minute telephone survey of 518 residents month. Esquivel expects the builder of associated with "beliefs, customs, and selected at random. Another was 864 the first houses to be chosen this month, practices of a living community of people responses to a questionnaire sent in the infrastructure improvements to start in (that) have been passed down through city's monthly newsletter to 28,000 house- January,and home construction to begin the generations,usually orally or through holds. In addition, some 250 people par- next summer. practice." ticipated in small group and general dis- Chip Morgan, an archaeologist in the cussions at meetings in each of the city's Georgia state historic preservation of- nine city council wards. After a public 'Traditional Site' Label fice, says that the designation requires comment process, the planning commis- Delays Georgia Freeway that living representatives be consulted sion and then the council approved the Sacred tribal grounds of the Muscogee about places important to the expression language—with no objections raised at Creek Nation near Macon,Georgia,have of traditions and beliefs. Planners typi- the final hearing, "which in this commu- been designated the first "traditional cally rely on documents and other physi- nity is real unusual," Dodson says. cultural property" in the southeastern cal records, Morgan says, but use of the The new vision is different,with many United States. Carol Shull, keeper of designation means that planners must of the earlier goals achieved—about half the National Register of Historic Places, seek face-to-face community input. by Dodson's reckoning, maybe 90 per- 28 Planning November 1997 SA��T D D cent, suggests Ames, who was involved By 2050, unless legal as well as illegal f-1 L. By both times. After a period of recession immigration is substantially reduced,our DEVELOPMENT eight years ago, economic vitality was a population will burgeon to 400 or 500 major concern. million or more, from 267 million at Preserving Environmental Areas, With the economy now much stron- present, and will still be growing rapidly Farmland and Historic Landmarks ger, and the local growth it has brought, with no end in sight. However brilliant Tg(gr in vele imllif people this year were much more inter- or heroic the efforts of professional plan- Withested in neighborhoods and education, ners, this surge of humanity will further and to a lesser degree, the environment, degrade our environment and quality of ,r ea ' -kms; says Dodson. The vision statement re- life. ' ' t,; flects this shift, he says, noting the addi- Rather than celebrating unsustainable, v. tion of a section on governing and civic immigration-fueled population growth, l kopment involvement. In addition, he says, with planners ought to be dedicating them EmMrgti j the previous statement to build on, the selves to the considerable challenges of famtionF i , new vision is expressed in more specific developing a truly sustainable society in Fri l Hi and descriptive language. the U.S., which of necessity includes a O ith Tta rant. The Corvallis revisioning kicks off a stable population.An important first step citywide effort to update the compre- would be a five-year immigration mora- hensive plan in response to a state re- torium with a firm ceiling of 100,000 a OP R4litii quirement that plans be subjected to year—which polls show a majority of • periodic review every 10 years. Americans support—to help us overcome k:N • T With the first comprehensive commu- the demographic momentum of the cur- nity visioning, Corvallis was "a trend rent immigration wave. 1, By Rick PCUEZ,AICP setter in local planning,"says Ames,who Leon Kolankiewicz Includes the key features of successful TDR helped design the 1989 effort. With Vice-President and Network Coordinator programs,a 12-step guide to preparing a completion of a new process, which is Carrying Capacity Network TDR-based plan and case studies from uniquely grounded in a previous vision- Washington,D.C. 107 communities. 1997; 440 pages; $39.95; ISBN 0-9658314-0-X ing,Ames sees Corvallis again providing tAx je P.O.Box 4186, a "template for dozens and dozens of Not win or lose. The headline in Sep- PRESS Burbank.CA 915113-4186 other Oregon communities." tember Planning News read "Hispanics 818-954-0462 Win Settlement in Urban Renewal Law- Help us keep up to date. Send information suit."I found it surprising that APA would about possible news stories to James Andrews, trumpet the settlement as a"win"specifi- COMMUNITY PLANNER News Editor, Planning, 122 S. Michigan cally for Hispanics when, in fact, the Ave., Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60603, or e- whole community won. Redevelopment Wade-Trim,an ENR Top 200 Planning, mail,jandrews@planning.org. will benefit not only those residents liv- Surveying,and Engineering consulting firm, ing within those areas, but also the resi- has an excellent career opportunity available dents who live nearby, and ultimately in Michigan for a Senior Community the entire village. Planning Professional.This position Letters • The settlement did not provide the requires: plaintiffs with everything they were seek- • 5 or more years experience in land use ing. Nor did it make sense for the village planning,land development regulations, Danger in numbers. Jim Andrews's to postpone redevelopment in these ar- and economic development; lopsided analysis of the impacts of"The eas any longer.This was not a game to be • A degree in Urban Planning or related Newest Americans" (September) won or lost, but an issue of what was field; amounted to little more than an ode to collectively in everyone's best interest. • AICP and/or PCP registration preferred; mass immigration. In puttinga • Proven ability to effectively create and g happy The only negative is the $2.5 million maintain excellent relations with new and face on immigration levels unprec- that is going for legal fees,which equates y, edented in our history, the article omit- to almost 60 percent of the total settle- current clients; • Proven ability to effectively interact with ted or downplayed the multiple adverse ment amount.This money certainly would community boards,commissions,and effects of accommodating an ever-ris- have been better spent on the actual community groups. ing volume of newcomers. redevelopment in Addison. My hope is Annual immigration rates have tripled that other communities in need of rede- Wade-Trim offers a competitive salary, in the last 30 years and in the 1990s have velopment attractive benefits package,and professionalfala suit. abandon their plans for development.If you are looking for a averaged 1.5 million (legal and illegal fear of a lawsuit. rewarding and prestigious career,please combined), far above our long-term tra- Patrick Grill,AICP forward your confidential resume to: ditional average. Assistant Director of Employment Manager-P The article's most serious omission is Community Development Wade-Trim Group,Inc. the overriding impact of immigration on Addison, Illinois PO Box 701428 present and future population growth.At Plymouth,MI 48170-0964 present, immigration accounts for about Porches,alleys,and the good old days. EEO/AAP 60 percent of annual U.S. population I would suggest that author Karen Wagner tfomey@wadetrim.com growth, and it is projected to account for ("Deep in the Neotrad of Texas,"August) up to 90 percent of projected future growth. read the preceding article in the same • � „ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.-:.1-'4.4,,‘.:','„:...r:',.-=,.- dam a s4�^s - e. .;'...',''''::,"1:'':'-',,, 7, .,a apt Just a 1 rI� l l beingfou rrr y think, So how eanmyou lia eethe nustaken ' �prote,.:,,..,,,nurself? , idea that profes- T eatzow & Associates has sronal lraliilit 1E4) insutance � 5 been synonymous with plan- . oesn't apply to therm. But dont �° • tiers E&O for years. 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International To order: Call 1-800-745-8780 toll-free, Fax (301) 206-9789, or Mail your order to: Coy/C°°°" ICMA Distribution Center, P.O. Box 2011, Annapolis Junction, MD 20701 ICMA Association 31 • issue: "Safe and Sound."The alleys in the Hyde Park neighborhood that"could make SENtOR PLANNER 11 a comeback"have absolutely no"eyes on the street."They are much more likely to be both a safety and health hazard unless $40,640- $50,800(DOQ) part of a very"non-trad"gated,managed The San Joaquin Regional Transit District is seeking a Senior Planner II.The community. incumbent will assist in planning, organizing, and directing the activities and Unfortunately, the neotrads tend not programs of the Planning and Scheduling Department;participate in the more to acknowledge that the 1990s are not the complex professional planning work;direct and participate in data analysis 1920s. Most of us appreciate nostalgia, and evaluation and the drafting and updating of the District's planning and many of the design standards and practices of those simpler times are still documents; prepare reports and recommendations regarding adjustments to relevant today. However, many past transit service;coordinate planning activities with other District departments practices are no longer appropriate due and with other local, regional,and state transportation planning agencies; to changing market demands, socioeco represent the District at public meetings and make presentations on planning nomic factors,and lifestyles(people with and scheduling; provide leadership and work with staff to ensure the busy schedules and air conditioning don't department's goals are achieved. spend much time on the front porch). Minimum Requirements: Graduation from a four-year college or university with Care must be taken in deciding which a major in transportation planning or a closely related field;and four(4)years past standards to recreate. of increasingly responsible professional planning experience, including some It is also interesting that most of the responsibility for scheduling or an equivalent combination of training and current neotrad examples are really not experience; supervisory experience a plus. A valid Class C California driver's the same type of neighborhoods they are license may be required for some assignments. intended to replicate. Those in the past were developed by many small builders If you are looking for an exciting career, please submit a DISTRICT in an expanded urban setting. Today's APPLICATION TO: Human Resources, SJRTD, 1533 E. Lindsay St., neotrad communities are often self-con- Stockton, CA 95205.To request an application call 209-948-5566. tained and managed communities, de- Employment is conditional on successfully passing a physical,drug and alcohol signed by one "master planner" for a tests, and a background investigation. Final filing date: Open until filled. generally upscale clientele. SMART is an EOE. Neotrad is one approach among many, and it's great where it works—but not everywhere, and not without recogniz- ing the realities of our time. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Dan Shuster,AICP Shuster Associates The multi-disciplinary Department of Urban and Regional Planning in the School of Social Stone Ridge,New York Ecology,University of California,Irvine,has a tenure track assistant professor position beginning in July of 1998.Candidates must have a Ph.D.in planning,geography,political Added impact. "Reading, Writing, and science,public policy,regional sciences,urban studies,law or related fields providing Impact Fees" (September) noted some appropriate academic training to teach graduate level courses in international environmental important points. Based on our prepara- planning and policy.We are seeking applicants with outstanding potential to contribute to a tion of many school impact fees,we offer new area of emphasis in research and teaching which includes,among others:trade and the the following additional considerations: environment;North/South environmental cleavages;preserved areas and rights of indigenous • Because every community is unique, peoples;transboundary pollution;transboundary migratory species;the distributional and a pupil survey will be the best data for equity impacts of global warming;and the resolution of environment related global conflicts. determining public school pupil gen- Salary and benefits are competitive with the very best research universities. eration.This survey,which can usually be done very easily and inexpensively, The school of Social Ecology grants B.A.,M.A.,M.U.R.P.,and Ph.D.degrees with over 1,600 will provide meaningful data to the undergraduate majors,30 masters,and 100 doctoral students.The Irvine campus currently impact fee consultant as well as the enrolls approximately 17,000 students and is located 40 miles south of Los Angeles.Submit school district. letter of application and curriculum vitae to: • The 1990 PUMS [public use Helen Ingram,Chair microdata samples] at the lowest geo- and Regional Planning Search Committee graphical level,at least 100,000 popula- Department of Urban and Regional Planning tion,is probably the second-best source School of Social Ecology of data. These data need to be adjusted University of California to the actual school enrollment figures Irvine,CA 92697-7075 of the particular district. It is critical to In addition,the candidate should send the names,addresses,e-mail addresses,and phone utilize the pupil generation rate reflect numbers of 3 to 5 persons from whom letters of recommendation may be solicited before the ing public school children, not school closing deadline.Closing date for applications is January 3,1998,or whenever an appropriate age children. • When using census data, be aware applicant is found.The University of California is committed to excellence through diversity. of seasonal and vacant housing units. This is important when calculating im- ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND POLICY Cit:,oo/(aKsas C/rfy; Nssouf`i-Pr`odess"eal JGavriv?Ositiofrsau-ai'ai e,it tie Cie:,Pfaaarar & DerreIolbrsreeDe/Pa/tHreeL Planner I position requires graduation from an accredited four year college or university,supplemented by a master's degree in planning,or graduation from a four year accredited college or university in planning or related field and two years professional experience in community,urban,or regional planning work. Must have strong oral and written communications skills and computer skills including spatial analysis;design skills desirable.Experience in long range planning and analysis for developing high growth areas of the city preferred.Primary duties include preparation of areawide,neighborhood,and project plans, review of development projects for long range implications,and assisting the public with planning issues.Interest in conservation easements preferred.Salary range$2,239 to$3,357 per month. Planner II positions require graduation from an accredited four year college or university,supplemented by the completion of a master's degree in planning and two(2)years professional experience in community,urban,or regional planning work at the level of Planner I,or graduation from an accredited four year college or university and four(4)years professional experience in community,urban,or regional planning work.Must have strong oral and written communication skills,computer skills including spatial analysis and ability to plan,organize,supervise,and carry out complex projects effectively;design skills desirable.Primary duties include preparation of areawide,neighborhood,and project plans,review of development projects for long range implications,assisting the public with planning issues,and organizingwork teams.One position requires long range planning and analysis for developing,high growth areas of the city, and a second would require long range planning and analysis for older,central areas of the city.Salary range$2,428 to$3,881 per month. Planner III positions require graduation from an accredited four year college or university with major course work in one of the social sciences,engineering, city planning,landscape architecture,or architecture,supplemented by completion of a master's degree in planning;four(4)years professional experience in city,regional,or urban planning work or graduation from an accredited four year college or university with major course work in one of the social sciences, engineering,city planning,landscape architecture or architecture,and six(6)years of professional experience in city,regional,or urban planning work including three(3)years at level of Planner II.Must have strong oral,written communication skills;computer design skills desirable.Experience in municipal government and urban design preferred.Duties include preparation of areawide,neighborhood,and project plans,review of development projects,assisting public with planning issues,and supervising subordinate personnel;or position will coordinate implementation of the city's new comprehensive plan,coordination of special projects,research and analysis of planning issues,budget and consultant contract management.Salary range$3,309 to$5,413 per month. Non-residents,if appointed,must establish residency within the city limits of Kansas City,Missouri.The City offers an excellent employee benefits package. Pre-employment drug screening required as a condition of employment.The City of Kansas City,Missouri is an Equal Opportunity Employer committed to a diverse workforce.Send resumes to Human Resources Department,12th Floor,City Hall,414 E. 12th Street,Kansas City,MO 64106.Contact 816-274-1127 with questions.Application deadline:November 24, 1997. MOLL- §����Gt e�� t t i1l��l i),41t 1,11,�i 'likel)))1111SIOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION SPECIALIST for Elgin location will be responsible for ' e implementing&developing the municipality's preservation building codes;liaising with the roola i 1 i,l l i s �� t , i 1 i t , ,4 *� av r heritage commission;preparing the agenda,records,&petitions for commission review; t® , t t N t t n t)ie reviewing&evaluating plans,specifications for construction,alteration&repair of structures in itn L $� a the historic district pursuant to the City's applicable historic preservation&building code " � regulations&the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation;assisting the public& �' �` coordinating reviews of applications for Certificates of Appropriateness;providing technical assistance to contractors,design professionals,&the public regarding the building plans& specifications;preparing reports on discrepancies&deviations&variations from the standards& ordinances and o mere applicable codes found during plan review;maintaining diagrams,specifications,reports on 33 pact fees for jurisdictions with "snow- support on a particular issue, he said, REQUEST FOR QUALIFICATIONS birds." 'Bob,just tell me the three most impor- • School impact fees that differentiate tant regulations you think are necessary To develop a ten-year master plan for the by housing size,bedroom count,or square to ensure the effectiveness of this ordi historic Washington Union Station footage must be carefully evaluated. For nance.' So I told him, and he said, 'I'll The Board of Directors of the Union Station example, in critiquing a fee in the Den- stick with you on these,but don't bug me Redevelopment Corporation(USRC)has directed USRC ver area, we reviewed research showing if I go a different way on some of the to seek qualifications from interested firms to do a ten- that homes with four or more bedrooms others.' He remained true to his word year master plan for Union Station.October 1998 will had a significantly lower percentage of and helped pass radical new floor area mark the ten-year anniversary of the redeveloped public school students than smaller homes. ratio regulations, historic building con- station.The Board wishes to ensure its continued • The fee should be based on the aver- trols, and strict height controls. . . . He success through the development of aa master plan. age pupil generation rate for the life of taught me a valuable lesson. . . . Every- Union Station is a superbly restored historic mixed the house. body has only so much personal political use urban transportation center located two blocks from the Nation's Capitol Building.The station serves as a • Because defining the existing level capital." hub for Amtrak,MARC Metrorail,and Virginia Railway of service is critical, make sure to con- Planning consultant Marjorie Macris, Express(VRE)trains.Approximately 70,000 people sider the relationship of modular or por- AICP: "One judgment I helped make that pass through Union Station daily and it is the second table classrooms to permanent classroom turned out to be incorrect involved the most used stop on the Metro with 21,000 passengers space. 1973 Marin Countywide Plan, which per day.In addition,Union Station is the most visited Dwayne Guthrie,AICP sought to increase new jobs and decrease tourist attraction in Washington,D.C.Since the Tischler&Associates, Inc. new housing in the area to encourage Station's redevelopment in 1988,over 4 million square Bethesda, Maryland more people to both live and work in the feet of office space has been developed in the surrounding area. county."The numerical targets were met Experienced master planners who wish to enter the Philip, si; Henry, no.In his September by the time they revised the plan in the competition to develop a master plan for Union Station Viewpoint, Eric Damian Kelly's fingers early 1980s, "but most of the people hold- must submit a letter of interest no later than typed "Henry" when he meant to write ing the jobs lived north of Marin, where December I,1997.Interested parties should contact: "Philip"in his reference to King Philip II the housing is less expensive, and most Mr.David S.Ball,President of Spain's Laws of the Indies. of the people living in the housing contin- Union Station Redevelopment Corporation ued to commute to San Francisco.Traffic 444 North Capitol Street,N.W.,Suite 740 congestion,consequently,was much worse Washington,DC 20001 1ql ����V' than what we had anticipated. 202-906-4130 ---.• w "The problem was that we had not Fax 202-906-4133 IIII lei\ M �� I taken other variables into account.Hous- I((, ing costs, multiple-worker households, H111"�','�I��+''��0 and the desire of some people to choose REQUEST FOR ,1 j�l I their place of residence for reasons otherQ I; i t I than proximity to work—all these and QUALIFICATIONS ��I�I`�'� - other factors we didn't consider.In other words, we had ignored[the fact that] . ■Redevelopment Plan Preparation Douglas County,Nevada is seeking people may very well not do what plan qualified consulting firm(s)to assist the Correction. The Resources box in ners think they should. . . . I think the Agency in preparing Redevelopment September's Planning Practice listed the APA should have,in addition to its achieve- Plans for project areas located within the wrong phone number for Ethnopolis.Jack ment awards, an annual 'It Seemed Like County. Wong may be reached at 310-544-0597. a Good Idea at the Time'award to help us acknowledge and learn from our mis ■Firms submitting statements of Letters may be edited before publication. takes." qualification must include the qualifications of key staff members who Address them to Sylvia Lewis, Editor, These are two of the stories Bruce may be involved in the project.The Planning, 122 S. Michigan Ave., Suite McClendon, AICP (director of planning statement must highlight experience 1600, Chicago, IL 60603; e-mail: slewis@ and development in Orange County, relative to the preparation and adoption planning.org. Florida), and Anthony James Catanese, of redevelopment plans.Experience must AICP (president of Florida Atlantic Uni- include:the conduction of blight studies; versity),have gathered in their anthology preparation of economic feasibility Planners on Planning: Leading Planners studies and finance plans;and Planners Library 0 Offer Real-Life Lessons on What Works, preparation of physical plans.Knowledge of and experience with Nevada What Doesn't, and Why (1996; Jossey Redevelopment law is highly desirable. Bass;320 pp.; $29.95).The book is part of Qualified firms will be placed on a list From the horses' mouths. "When I the publisher's "Public Administration and given the opportunity to respond to was in charge of developing a new zoning Series." RFPs for future redevelopment projects ordinance for our central business dis- Change has certainly been the hall- and related services. trict, . . . parking regulations, sign con- mark of the profession, as the editors trols, and buildingsetbacks were among ■Submit qualifications to:John T. note in their introduction. Changes help Doughty,Douglas Cnty Cmty Dev Dept, the concerns," writes planner Robert W. inform and refine planners' ideas of how PO Box 218,Minden,NV 89423, Becker,AICP, of New Orleans. to work. But in the public's mind, too 702-782.6211;fax 702-782-9007. "One day, when I went down to brief often "planners are part of the multitude Submission deadline is Dec.1,1997. the council president and to argue for his of government employees who cost vast 34 Planning November 1997 amounts in taxes and accomplish little. . . . regulated; satisfied rather than given or- Planning has drifted to the bottom of the ders; and educated rather than made de- local governmental food chain. In manypendent." i communities it is one of the first pro- bE True, every planner and planning de- grams targeted for reductions when bud- partment will benefit from streamlining gets have to be cut." If that is to change, and a positive attitude toward members in part it will be by planners'reading and Y .A1'N3 of the public.In most transactions,being absorbing and acting on the stories of "customer-oriented"will make everyone colleagues—successes and failures—who happier and the planning services better. are willing to tell them. But that is not the whole story. There is The most unusual thing about this book one ineradicable difference between even is that 20 of its 22 chapters were written the lowliest planner and a Wal-Mart em- by practicing planners. The remaining ployee,for example.As Ted Gaebler him- two were written by Elizabeth Hollander, ` self writes in the afterword, "Planners AICP, then at DePaul University, and have the heavy responsibility of helping Norman Krumholz, AICP, of Cleveland X44 elected officials resist the pressure to sell State. Both were of course active practi- 1®� 'ttt+�-� ',, out the future." No Wal-Mart employee tioners before they saw the inside of a ever advises the customers that perhaps campus. that fifth gallon of ice cream is too much. As in most anthologies, the contribu- No Wal-Mart employee is called upon to tors do not all agree on everything. • Marjorie Macris: "We should not warn big buyers against maxing out their Keith Cubic's admonition that planners be afraid to say what we mean in simple credit cards. should "serve the governing body" and language. . . . Paradigm usually means Planners do indeed serve customers. thus "serve the people," for instance, is 'a way of looking at life.' Sustainable That metaphor is an essential corrective quite different from Krumholz's advice usually means that a developer has to arrogance,but it is only a metaphor.At to seek "more choices for those who included a few environmental features least on occasion planners are called to have few."Some contributors don't even to help sell a project. User-friendly go beyond just giving the "customers" seem to agree with themselves,as when documents are those that are easy to exactly what they want. Happily, Plan- one offers maxims for success—first, understand." ners on Planning contains enough differ- "Be careful.Don't do anything you would • Floyd Lapp, AICP (New York City ent stories and points of view that its not want to read about on the front Department of City Planning): "In ar- readers can figure that out. page of your local newspaper,"followed eas such as ours, with many small and Harold Henderson by "Have fun. Life is too short to be a diverse privately held properties need- beat-up bureaucrat." ing moderate rehabilitation, we do not Henderson is Planning's regular book reviewer. Because it's written by practicing plan- recommend focusing on a common ur- Send new books and news of forthcoming ners, this book has more stories and less ban design concept. It will probably publications to him at 1355 W. Springville impractical and frustrating, and Road,LaPorte,IN 46350. theory than most. But it is not devoid of provep g, theory; everyone must organize his or could yield too much uniformity. . . . If her mind somehow.Unfortunately,many you try to preach a color palette to an of the contributors to Planners on Plan- urban merchant you're likely to be ning have chosen to organize their minds laughed at." Conference Calendar • using the popular business literature,which • Norman Krumholz on the planner's results in chapter titles such as "The Ten blessing and curse: "Planners do not fol- Habits of Highly Effective Planners," low rigorous procedures as do such line December 3-6: Congress of Cities and Expo, "Thirty How-To's for Success," and "The agencies as police, firefighters, or waste Philadelphia; National League of Cities; call Five Principles of Effective Practice in a collectors. To some extent, planners are 202-626-3000,or e-mail:weekly@nlc.org. Participatory Democracy." Often there free to define their own agendas. . . . December 4-5: RLF Organization and Ad- ministration, San Diego; National Association are nuggets of good common sense hid- [Flew p p g of Development Organizations; call Jonathan den beneath the arbitrary lists and teflon- stand just what it is that city planners are Corso at 202-624-7806, or e-mail: info@ slick rhetoric. Here are a few: supposed to do." nado.org. • Robert W.Marriott Jr.(National Capi- The editors too have an agenda that December 5-6:Community Leadership,Iselin, tal Planning Commission): "Part of the goes beyond exchanging war stories.They N.J.; Community Associations Institute; call planner's job is to manage special inter- are firm adherents of "reinventing gov- 703-548-8600. est groups so that the position of any one ernment," an approach popularized by December 5-7, 11-13:Essentials of Commu- of them does not create an unnecessarily David Osborne and Ted Gaebler in their nity Association Managment,Dallas,Honolulu; extreme reaction from others." 1992 book of that title. Its tenets include Community Associations Institute; call 703- • Gene Boles, AICP (Department of "empowerment, customer service, pre- 548-8600. Planning and Development,Hillsborough vention rather than cure, market orien- December 7.-191: Economic Development Course, GrantvPa.; Economic Develop- County,Florida: "If we as planners wish tation, competition, decentralization of ment Association call Diane 011ivier at 717 to measure our effectiveness, we should authority, and the role of government as 948-6178. examine the livability of the communi- a catalyst,"as Gaebler himself lists some December 8-9,January 13-14,February 10- ties we serve. But we must measure liv- of them in his afterword to Planners on 11, 24-25, March 5-6, April 2-3: Advanced ability by the community's standards, Planning. According to the editors, "the Internet for Economic Developers,Atlanta;Geor- not by our own." customer should be served rather than gia Institute of Technology;call 404-894-2547, 35 or e-mail: conted@gatech.edu; Internet: www.conted.gatech.edu. Tech December 8-11:Clean Air Compliance Insti- tute, Las Vegas; Government Institutes; call Katjie Swangren at 301-921-2345,ext.270. December 8-12: Traffic Signal Operation at Local Intersections,Atlanta;Georgia Insti- t�. . tute of Technology; call 404-894-2547, or e- mail: contad@gatech.edu; Internet: For the birds. Bird-X offers a new ver- www.conted.gatech.edu. ki' sion of its visual bird repeller designed for December 15-17:Housing Assistance Coun- parks,marinas,parking lots,airports,and cil Regional Training Workshop, Washington, ° other places where birds are a nuisance. D.C.; call 202-842-8600, or e-mail: hn0143@ . 1 6 Terror Eyes was designed from research handsnet.org. 4,, 6 on predator and bird behavior. The eyes January 9-10, 23-24, February 6-7, 20-21, and markings on the vinyl ball resemble 27-28: Complete Management Course for Plan- an owl, and its spring mounting causes it ning Directors, Orlando, Charlotte, Los Ange- to move and sway. Contact Bird X at 300 les,Denver, Columbus,Ohio;APA and West N. Elizabeth St., Dept. PLN, Chicago, IL Coast Publishers;call 800-870-6306. 60607;800-662-5021;BIRDXINC@aol.com. January 12-14: Developing Resort and Mas- ter-Planned Communities,Orlando;Urban Land Institute;call 800-321-5011. Dig, plow, load. Compact tractors useful for land- January 14-16:National Multi-Housing Council scaping, building fences, and planting shrubs and Reid at 202-659-3381,or e-mail:info@nmhc.org. trees is manufactured by New Holland North America. 1; " Annual Meeting, Boca Raton,Fla.;call Bonnie The 25-and 30-series Boomer tractors simplify main- x" January 26-27: Managing Economic Devel- opment Organizations, Tempe,Ariz.;National tenance work in parks and streets. Front-end load- ,ers,backhoes,and posthole diggers can be attached . Council for Urban Economic Development; quickly,and the tractors offer fingertip controls and a call 202-223-4735, or e-mail jfinkle@ tight-turn front axles. All are powered by three- E urbandevelopment.com. cylinder diesel engines and have power steering and -- 1 January 28-31: International Trails and disc brakes.Contact the company at P.O.Box 1895, `*,--,, Greenways Conference, San Diego; Rails to New Holland,PA 17557;717-355-1371. Trails Conservancy; call Andy Clarke at 202- 1 331-9696. January 28-31: National Coalition of Com- Safety first.Personal Safetyware munity Development Financial Institutions In- Inc. has introduced a high-in stitute, Washington, D.C.; call Monifa Will- tensity lighting system for its iams at 215-923-5363. new line of safety belts, vests, "4; ; j January 30: Land Use Law and Planning and armbands,designed for any 1 e� Conference, Los Angeles; UCLA Extension; one working outside in the dark. .,•a call Kate Edwards at 310-825-7885,or e-mail: i. The products incorporate light ' ;';'''4, 11) emitting diode (LED) technol kedwards@unex.ucla.edu. :� February 2-3, March 5-6, April 6-7: Shop- ,;., ogy and a lens that magnifies , ping Centers: How to Build, Buy and Develop, and disperses light throughout ± Dallas, San Francisco,Washington,D.C.;Ur each garment.They can run for ban Land Institute;call 800-321-5011. 600 hours on standc I, ard batteries March 2-3: Urban Entertainment Develop- and can be bent or folded with- , ment, New York; Urban Land Institute; call out affecting their performance. 800-321-5011. The company is at 1751 W.Diehl High lights.A new mount- March 4-8: Environmental Design Research Rd., Naperville, IL60563; 800- ing ring from Quality Light 1 Association Annual Conference, St. Louis; call 320-3801;www.goeken.com. ing allows up to 12 area • 405-330-4836, or e-mail: edra@telepath.com; luminaires to be operated Internet:www.aecnet.com/EDRA. at heights up to 150 feet E March 5-6, 30-31:Multi-Family Housing De- and to be lowered to the Slim sign. AstraLite's flat ground for easy mainte- velopment, San Francisco, Washington, D.C.; exit sign has been made .' ht- Urban Land Institute;call 800-321-5011. nance.The highmast gmast light- Urban g more visible, but no adds " -` ingsystem consists of a al- March 9-10,April 16-17:Industrial andBusi- Y g Hess Park Development,San Francisco,Colum- The electricity is needed. ,a..--�-- vanized steel mounting ring bia, Md.; Urban Land Institute; call 800-321- The AstraLite 5000 Refrac- that allows lighting fixtures 5011. tive LED sign was improved to be attached by bolting through the use of a clearer fitters and mounting arms. April 13-15: Noise and Vibration Impact, acrylic stencil. The unit is E Fitters may be moved along Chicago; National Transit Institute; call Su- reassembled and can be san Greenstone at 908-932-1700, ext. 19. p the mounting ring without installed by one person.The 1 cutting or welding. Three May 28-30: Monumental Directions, Wash- one-quarter-inch-thick sign different FAA-approved ington,D.C.;Society for Environmental Graphic also meets standards for low-level,floor mounted warning lights are avail- Design; call 202-638-5555, or e-mail: signs under the Americans for Disabilities Act. able. The company is at SEGDOffice@aol.com. Contact the AstraLite division of Computer Power 11500 Melrose Ave., June 9-11: Techniques in Traditional Neigh- Inc. at P.O.Box 476,Annandale, NJ 08801; 800- Franklin Park, IL 60131; borhood Development,Reston,Va.;Urban Land 832-5483;www.led.com/astralite. 847-451-0040; quality@ Institute;call 800-321-5011. mcs.com. 36 Planning November 1997 A P A T 0 D A Y I Fiscal Forecast: Sunny Skies the AICP president a member of the APA nization will publish the proceedings of Federal lawmakers,perennially struggling board's development plan and budget the Boston conference. to balance their books,could learn some- committee. APA's website will benefit from both thing from APA's biennial budget for AICP members also fared well in Wash- budgets.Enhancements to look for in the fiscal years 1998-99, which, appropri- ington.There will be no dues increase in coming year include online registration ately enough,was adopted in the nation's the budget approved by the commission, for the national conference and for the capital on September 21.The budget raises although several new programs are being AICP exam, an improved membership members' dues an average of $3-less put in place,including audioconferences directory,and a searchable Planners Book than the rate of inflation—while provid- to help applicants prepare for the AICP Service catalog. AICP funding will make ing for an array of new programs. Stu- exam and workshop materials designed possible development of a speaker/ex- dent member dues remain the same,and for use by chapters. pert database and online resource mate- planning official dues go up $5. The commission also voted to continue rials for children and teachers. One notable innovation in the new its academic research fellowship program, budget is the program to offer technical part of its ongoing effort to forge a closer assistance to chapters on state legislative relationship with university planning pro- Bulletin Board matters. The board voted to provide grams. In a related action, the commis- Instant history. Bound copies of the $25,000 a year to allow APA researchers sion approved advertising a bylaw revi- proceedings of the fifth national confer- to work with state chapters. Iowa has sion that would allow universities ence on American planning history,held already taken advantage of the program, recognized by the Canadian Institute of in Chicago in 1993, are available for half with a visit by several researchers in Planners to be considered accredited uni- price, or $30. The proceedings include early October. versities for AICP exam purposes. articles on the World's Columbian Expo- Chapters and divisions will also ben- Looking ahead to the national APA sition and Burnham Plan for Chicago. efit from the APA grant programs, ad- conference in Boston next April,the corn- Contact Robert Hodder, executive secre- ;F ministered through the Chapter Presi- mission approved a new "President's tary of the Society for American City and dents Council and Divisions Council.The Award,"which will be presented in 1998, Regional Planning History,804-828-7533. board approved$17,000 for chapter grants and an"outstanding service award,"which and$8,000 for division grants.Also corn- will be presented in subsequent years. Greenway grants. For six years, the ing up: a membership brochure and Following the recommendation of the American Greenways DuPont Awards i a traveling membership booth. AICP's multimedia task force, the orga- Program has been making grants to non- "Telling the planning story"is a theme , of several new programs designed to in- form the public of the benefits of plan- 1;1p Ci : ,t t , + i v r' ,, ning. The board approved a $2,000 alio g A cation for preparing public education o oar i g waWrb P r a a om o4lr5r/'a materials for chapters and public plan- holds a e p t s vtee=p int#f ` ning agencies, $500 to conduct round- Water° e edi , ,is'a a Autos table discussions with representatives of uto nave wi h a a es re in cit other public interest groups, and $1,800 plannmgfro 1VIfT Her:euerttbtg ct to help members prepare opinion pieces iso e gi ' ti for submission to newspapers and maga- 'a new,planing framework , zines across the country. Q, How did you t to °.ved m woter In other action, the board ratified the plan ng ' three updated policy guides that were E A,I was like Mikey in the cereal ca ' no adopted by the chapter delegate assem- � �' mercial. Whenever„there was a jobone else wanted, they said, "Give it to bly. The guides cover child care facili- In ties,community residences(group homes), Mike .” 1984, when I was assistant �' and manufactured housing.Six more policy planning director for the city, there was a fairly severe regional drought, and guides are currently being updated by the city council asked our department to develop a conservation program.Four the policy staff. The board also voted to years later, developments were being proposed over the recharge area of the. fund a series of chapter legislative work- Edwards Aquifer, which is our sole water source.Again,thecouncil asked us shops by policy staff and provide$14,000 to!come up with a program for water quality protection. That was another to produce a new policy brochure. Mikey assignment• Reiterating APA's opposition to state Q. You were city planning director when you went to the water system in. licensing of planners,the board approved 1992.How big was the leap the recommendations of a subcommittee A.This really is a planning job, although a specialized one. The 162 people on of the legislative and policy committee to my staff are responsible for all aquifer and wellhead'protection.We're a clearing prepare a policy statement and develop a house for permits,and we review rezoning applications and plans for the city.We plan to assist chapters when state licens- do a huge amount of GIS mapping as well as a lot of demographic studtes Our ing laws are proposed. Finally, approval department is unusual in that is responsible for both water quality and quantity.... of a bylaw amendment officially makes Q. What about long-range plans? 37 OP # a qv . . profit organizations and public agencies. Sponsors are the Conservation Fund,the Q ' DuPont Corporation, and the National AP Geographic Society.Eligible activities for the$500-to-$2,500 grants range from map- / a ping to planning bike paths.Applications must be postmarked by December 31.To � ' 1111 apply, contact the Conservation Fund, , ' 1800 N. Kent St., Suite 1120, Arlington, VA 22209; 703-525-6300, or check the -/ a.a'-':-' - t website:www.conservationfund.org. ti: -,.-Ck. ,.._....j,;,,,:,,,,. )Special roads. The Federal Highway Administration is seeking nominations In September, Ri .John Chafee(R-R.I./received APA's legislator of the for its second round of "national scenic year award, whit I was presented at a legislative reception in Washington. byway" designations—roads that have With Chafee is A1' I president Eric Kelly,AICP. outstanding scenic,natural, historic,cul- tural,archeological,or recreational quali- ties. The agency has already designed 20 stays in the United Kingdom and Ireland. the Council for Excellence in Govern- scenic roads in 15 states, including six In 1998,the Serbian Town Planners Asso- ment.Ca11800-722-0074,or see the website: "All-American Roads." Designated high- ciation in Belgrade will be a cosponsor. www.ksg.harvard.edu/innovations/ ways qualify for special grants. Nomina- For details, contact David Rafter, AICP, 98app.htm.Applications are due January 7. tions are due December 15. Contact Na- Urban Studies Institute,MSU 25,Mankato • tional Scenic Byways Clearinghouse, State University, Mankato, MN 56002; See the world. The Rotch Travelling 800-429-9297, Ext. 3. 507-389-1714. The deadline is January 3. Scholarship awards a$30,000 stipend for eight months of travel to the winner of a Serbia anyone?Serbia has been added to What's new?Creative government pro- two-stage design competition.Applicants the list of countries included in the Plan- grams are eligible for the $1.3 million must be U.S. citizens who will be under ners International Exchange Program spon- Innovations in American Government 35 on March 13.They must either have a sored by APA's International Planning awards competition, sponsored by the degree from an accredited architecture Division. Since its inception in 1994, the Ford Foundation and administered by school and have worked a year for a program has matched some 60 American the Kennedy School of Government at Massachusetts firm, or hold a degree planners with practitioners for two-week Harvard University in partnership with from a Massachusetts school and have worked a year for any firm. Request applications by January 2 from Rotch Travelling Scholarship,52 Broad St.,Bos- A.Right now we're working with a citizens committee to develop a methodol- ton, MA 02109;fax 617-951-0845. o yAprilto. i plement the framework plan that was adopted by the city council in . .Does reliance on a sole water source make you nervous? Members in the News A. It does. We've been lucky so far. But we're not the only users of the Barbara C. Berlin, AICP, is now assis- aquifer,and we're all fearful of another drought.We're now negotiating to buy tant director of the Caaddick Institute for `•4,000 acre feet of water.from Canyon Lake,about 50 miles north of here. That Metropolitan Development at DePaul Uni- ''.° ,would be a first, versity in Chicago, and director of the ,"What about conservation? Openlands Project's strategic open lands A.We have over 50 conservation programs in place,including xeriscaping and at risk mapping project.She was principal low-flush toilet rebates. But places like Tucson are way ahead of us. Another planner for Lake County, Illinois. citizens committee is now surveying all our programs.!We're also kicking off a Gloria W. Robinson, AICP, has been new Prograni for business audits and retrofits-We've reduced per capita usage by named assistant for community empow- .23 percent"since 1984;we want to reach 30 percent. erment to U.S. Housing and Urban De- "And recycling? velopment Secretary Andrew Cuomo.She A. We already provide water for a golf course and electrical utility. And we was Detroit's director of planning and broke"ground this summer for a$81 million,three-year project to provide recycled development and was responsible for the water for businesses Right now, several microchip plants are the biggest users. city's Empowerment Zone program. Q.Do you get much regional cooperation? Nathaniel S. Wilson,AICP,is the vice- A.Yes,we,do,Bexar County is represented on the Edwards Aquifer Authority. president of operations and principal in And thestate legislature just passed a bill requiring regional water planning.We're charge of the new office of CLJ Associ- concerned.about balancing the city's needs with the needs of the surrounding ates in Culver City, California. CLJ is an area including the small farms to the west of the city. The city's population is architecture and interior design firm based now 12 million,and it's growing about two percent a year. in Birmingham, Alabama. For more news about members, see APA's - ti website under the "people" heading: www.planning.org. 38 Planning November 1997 search. But that document was based on state New York.The committee was cre- In Print 0 research done in the 1970s and did not ated to advise the Legislative Commis- take into account trends like neotraditional sion on Rural Resources, which since development or the state development 1990 has drafted 32 pieces of land-use The World Wide Web is the subject of plan's emphasis on town centers. reform legislation. two APA newsletters this month. Both The final product,which had consider- Two of the new acts update the en- the PAS Memo and Zoning News offer able input from the chapter,corrects that abling legislation for county planning descriptions of key websites for planners problem, Slaugh says. Many of the stan- boards and regional councils and make and zoning officials. Longer descriptions dards offer alternative approaches. For appropriate changes in the Municipal are included in On Line Resources for example,the street standard gives devel- Law. The third measure makes techni- Planners (PAS Report No. 474) by APA opers the choice of building a 28-foot- cal changes to the general city, town, senior researcher Sanjay Jeer,AICP. wide roadway with parking on one side village, and municipal laws. Another new APA report, Subdivision or a 30-foot roadway with parking on The county planning bill(S.780/A.1478- Design in Flood Hazard Areas, by Marya both sides. A)provides a framework for intermunicipal Morris,AICP,was prepared with the aid of While many local officials seem will- cooperation and specifies the content of a grant from the Federal Emergency Man- ing to work with the standards, the New comprehensive plans and official maps.S. agement Agency. While urging develop- Jersey State League of Municipalities re- 2649-A/A. 4336-A recodifies the general municipal law to make it consistent with the county planning law. S. 2647-A does LEVEL the same for city,town,and village laws. Four bills recommended by the advi- 1 sory committee failed to pass.One would 1 CONSEROATION SUBDIVISION PLAN RECOMMENDED APPROACH have authorized villages and towns to NO LOTS IN FLOODPLAIN treat zoning violations as civil, rather` ` II FOR USE INCASES ulred than criminal, matters. Another would b PORTION OF SOME LOTS IN FLOODPLAIN, `� have Yemaps of subdivided land EACH LOT HAS BUILDABLE AREA ON WHERE FLOODPLAIN q NATURAL HIGH GROUND DEVELOPMENT to indicate local approvals.A third would 71, IS UNAVOIDABLE have allowed alternate members on plan - 3 SOME LOTS ENTIRELY IN FLOODPLAIN; ping and zoning boards, and the fourth FILL ONLY TO PROVIDE BUILDING SITES AND ROAD ACCESS would have permitted mediation to re q MOST LOTS PARTIALLY OR ENTIRELY IN FLOODPLAIN; solve zoning disputes.It is likely that the 4 CLUSTERING RECOMMENDED ON AREA OF SHALLOWEST FLOODING committee will bring these ideas up again next session, Ferraro and Van de Water w say. Contact Peter.Van de Water, 914-722- 1131, or Rocco Ferraro, 518-393-1715. ers to steer clear of floodplains,the report mains opposed,Slaugh says,and has filed suggests techniques for mitigating such suit to rescind them. The league argues Connecticut: Focus on housing. Re- development when there is no alternative. that the standards infringe on munici- vamping the state's affordable housing Check out the public information section palities' zoning power. law has gotten a lot of attention this past of the APA web site (www.planning.org) The league is also opposed to an initia- year, reports chapter legislative commit- for a new chronology of planning history tive by the state building industry to tee chair Jose Giner. After Gov. John by Albert Guttenberg, AICP, and for a create a new category of local "permit Rowland vetoed a proposal to create a weekly planning news summary called review official" to consider the technical task force to study the law, Rep. Patrick Dateline APA. aspects of development proposals. The Flaherty created his own affordable hous- league argues that creating such an office ing appeals work group. Flaherty chairs would eviscerate the local planning board the housing committee in the house of From the States • and put too much power in the hands of a representatives.Two members of the chap- single official. ter have been invited to participate. Slaugh says the chapter has not taken a Under the appeals law enacted in 1989, New Jersey:Smooth sailing.The shake- formal stand on the proposal. He notes, developers of affordable housing whose down period for New Jersey's new corn- though, that planners traditionally have projects are turned down or subjected to pulsory residential site improvement stan- favored public participation in the plan- conditions that impact their viability may dards has begun, and so far there have ning process, and this proposal goes in appeal to a judge assigned specifically to been few glitches,reports legislative com- the opposite direction.Contact Brian Slaugh, such cases.The burden of proof is on the mittee chair Brian Slaugh, AICP. To his 609-883-8383. municipality to show that its action is knowledge,these are the only such man- necessary to protect the public interest. datory regulations in the U.S., he says. New York:Incremental reform.Three Giner says local officials complain that The history of the standards goes back more parts of the piecemeal updating of the process does not give towns adequate to 1993, when the state legislature cre- the state's planning and zoning laws passed credit for encouraging alternative forms ated the Site Improvement Advisory Board in the 1997 session, report Peter Van de of affordable housing such as mobile home and directed it to devise standards based Water and Rocco Ferraro, AICP. Van de parks. They also object to the law's vir- on a model subdivision and site plan Water represents the Metro chapter on tual override of local zoning regulations. ordinance developed by Rutgers the state legislature's Land Use Advisory While the chapter is generally sympa- University's Center for Urban Policy Re- Committee while Ferraro represents Up- thetic to the appeals law, Giner says, it 4., i, , .07:. 11 39 recognizes that changed circumstances �_� in the real estate market warrant a reex- Il ,' . amination. Questions to be raised in- g , elude how much affordable housing the ' �� law actually has produced and how much of the demand can be satisfied by mar- 1 ket-rate housing. . ' 1 -' I ,f . In other legislative action, a bill to V permit municipalities to establish village centers was introduced late in the ses- Iowa is the first state to take advantage of a new APA program to help sion but got nowhere. Reportedly, the chapters work with state legislators on statute reform. The effort builds state transportation department objected on APA's GROWING SMARTS°program, which is designed to help states to provisions that would have allowed modernize planning statutes.In October,APA staffers met in Des Moines with members of the newly established Iowa Commission on municipalities to put traffic calming con troll on state highways running through Urban Planning,'Growth Management,and Farmland Preservation. the village centers. From left:Jim Schwab,AICP;Iowa Rep.Ed Fallon;Susan Cosner, A bill that would have established uni a president-elect ;the Iowa chapter,Stuart Meck,AICP;and William '',f 4:`:, Nie ,AICD Fon and Cosner are members of the commission. • form state regulation of telecommunica- :Rs h ,, tions tower siting also died. Giner says there is a fair chance it will be reintro- duced next year. A bill setting a goal of portion of ISTEA 2 would shift billions of Capitol briefing.APA leaders heard some maintaining 10 percent of the state's land dollars from the Northeast to the South good news at a September 18 legislative area as open space passed, but the legis- and Midwest to remedy past funding workshop, held at the Rayburn House lature established no funding mechanism disparities. All states would likely re- Office Building in Washington.John Lieber, for acquiring land.A provision that would ceive more transit money under the new assistant secretary for transportation pol- have provided funds via a tax on land formula than they get now. icy, expressed President Bill Clinton's transfers was deleted from the bill before support for the planning provisions in passage.ContactJose Giner, 860-623-6030. Here we go again.A new takings bill has the ISTEA reauthorization act that is cur- James Lawlor popped up in the House. It's the Private rently before Congress.The half-day work- Property Implementation Act of 1997(H.R. shop also included briefings by federal Send examples of APA chapter involvement 1534), introduced by Rep. Elton Gallegly officials and congressional staff on hous- inlegislative and regulatory activities toLawlor (R-Cal.). The measure would require fed- ing policy, brownfield redevelo ment, at 614 Hillsboro Dr.,Silver Spring,MD 20902; p phone and fax 301-649-5872; e-mail: eral courts to hear takings cases before and the 2000 census. 71562.3066@compuserve.com. suits are filed in state courts. The bill was A reception that evening honored expected to be considered by the House APA's legislators of the year, Sen.John Judiciary Committee in early October. Chafee(R-R.I.)and Rep.James Oberstar National Notes 0 By involving federal courts in local land- (D-Minn.). More than 200 people at- use disputes, notes APA president Eric tended, including many legislators and Damian Kelly, AICP, the measure would their staffs. A breather for ISTEA. House leaders amount to "an unnecessary and inappro- have temporarily parked their differences priate federal intervention in matters best Interior opens training center. Plan- over reauthorization of the Intermodal addressed by local governments and the ners in national park gateway communi- Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. legislatures that define their powers."APA ties (featured in this issue) are among On October 1,the House voted to extend members are encouraged to write or call those who will benefit from the Interior the existing authorization for six months. their representatives to oppose H.R. 1534. Department's new National Conserva- The vote broke a stalemate between tion Training Center in Shepherdstown, Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-Ga.) and Rep. Change NEPA? In the view of Sen. Craig West Virginia. The center will provide Bud Shuster (R-Pa.), chair of the Trans- Thomas(R-Wyo.),local governments don't training to individuals engaged in re- portation and Infrastructure Committee. get enough say in decisions concerning source conservation planning and imple- Shuster had been threatening to press public lands. In September, Thomas, who mentation, whether they work in public for a vote on his BESTEA bill (Building chairs the parks subcommittee,introduced agencies, nonprofit organizations, or the Efficient Surface Transportation and Eq- the State and Local Government Participa- private sector. uityAct,H.R.2400),a$103 billion,three- tion Act of 1997 (S. 1176). The measure APA's policy staff is working with the year measure that critics charged would would make local governments "cooperat- center to ensure that up-to-date planning violate the balanced budget agreement. ing agencies" in environmental reviews techniques are included in the curricu- The six-month extension leaves intact governed by the National Environmental lum.The $135 million center is on a 540- the current formulas for allocating fed- Policy Act of 1969. "Instead of clarifying acre rural site that includes classrooms, eral transportation funds among the states. and expediting the public planning process dormitories, GIS labs, and production As of early October,the Senate had not on federal lands," said Thomas in intro- facilities for CD-ROMS, videos, and yet acted on its $180.7 billion, six-year ducing the bill, "NEPA now serves to delay videoconferencing. For a course catalog, version of the reauthorization bill(S. 1173), action and shut out local governments." call 304-876-7200. which was reported out of the Environ- APA has not taken an official position Jeffrey Soule,AICP ment and Public Works Committee on on S. 1176; the Natural Resources De- September 17. The $145 billion highway fense Council opposes it. Soule is APA's policy director. 40 Planning November 1997 Barge 162 3rd Ave.N LAND Consultant Waggoner Nashville,TN 37201 Sumner and (615) 254-1500 USE Cannon Inc. Since 1955 COORDINATOR Directory Community/Land Planning• Environmental Planning Housing/Site Design•Transportation/Traffic State trade association seeks Landscape Design•Engineering Parks/Recreation•Architecture coordinator of land use and building codes. This directory of firms offering plan- Tennessee • Alabama • Ohio Georgia • Kentucky Education ping services appears each month. For Undergraduate degree in land information about buying space for Harland Bartholomew planning,urban/rural development, these listings, contact Donna Gamino, & Associates, Inc. public administration,business American Planning Association, 122 S. Over 75 Years of Professional Service administration,political/social Michigan Ave., Suite 1600, Chicago, IL science,or equivalent degree in .Planning •Landscape Architecture planning field or general association 60603; 312-786-6704 •Urban Design •Environmental Analysis management field. contact Office, I Jacksonville,FL(904)398-5604 400 Woods Mill Rd.S.,#330 Pasadena,CA(818)585-6300 Experience St Louis,MO 63017-3427 Richmond,VA(804)378-9384 Limited experience, 1 or 2 years in Phone.(314)434-2900 Sacramento,CA(916)483-0481 planning and code regulation with Atlee King private firm,government agency, Rosen& trade association,or as a contract Fleming,Inc. BARYON-ASCHMAN consultant,or no experience with Environmental and Planning Services • Neighborhood traffic planning and calming graduate or law degree. 117 East 29th Street•New York,NY 10016 • Downtown parking management (212)696-0670 FAX 1212)213-3191 • Trail/bikeway planning design Send resume to 80 Maple Avenue•White Plains,NY 10601 • Transportation planning (914)949-7336 FAX(9141949-7559 • Travel forecasting Land Use Coordinator 149 Water Street•Norwalk,CT 06854 • TMA formation PC) Box 542661 (203)852-9322 FAX(2031838-9457 • GIS Offices ca es LotedThroughout the United States Jackson,MS 39288 BARTON-ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES,INC. A Unit of Parsons Transportztion Group Inc 300 West Washington Street•Chicago,IL 60606• tel.312.917.3000 Abeles Phillips Preiss 8,Shapiro,Inc. Planning&Real Estate Consultants 434 Sixth Avenue Basile Baumann Prost PLANNING & New York,New York 10011 b b p &Associates,Inc. 212 475 3030 A p p S FAX 475 0913 ASSOCIATES Public/Private Development Advisors URBANDESIGN appsinc@aolcom Market Analysis Financial Feasibility zoning Transportation Economics Funding Strategies The University of Cincinnati's School Comprehensive Planning Revitalization Plans Developer Solicitations of Planning is recruiting for two Real Estate Advisory Economic Adjustment Development Negotiations tenure track assistant professors to Economic Development begin Sept. 1998.Area of 177 Defense Hwy.•Suite 10•Annapolis,MD 21401 800-822-6330•410-266.7866 Fax specialization must be Urban Design. 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Please send letter of application, Art - Infrastructure It � vitae,and names of three references to:Search Committee,DAAP School Comprehensive Public Art Consultants planning•annexation Local Government Services of Planning.University of Cincinnati, services CDBG administration Planning,Community Development i• ntegrating code enforcement and Management PO Box 210016,Cincinnati,OH public art 75 Richdale,Avenue zoning•management 45221-0016.Review of materials with planning, Studio 10 design, Cambridge,Mass.3chusetts 02140 will begin mid-December.UC is an engineering 6 17 868 1255 PO Box 430 PO Box 128 and 617 868 1221(fax) 205 S.Main St. 301 E.King St. equal opportunity,affirmative action construction e moil:artpluxCnitioc.nct Kannapolis,NC 28082-0430 Kinston,NC 28502-0128 employer. 800-650-3925 888-679-4754 1 41 ILLOUIS BERGER & THOMAS COOKE ASSOCIATES ASSOCIATES, INC. 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Urban Planners •Architects THE COX COMPANY 739 Allston Way Planners • Landscape Architects Crvtl Engineers•Urban Designers 1717 PennsylvaniaBerkeley,CA 94710 Y TL:(202)371-1333 510-548-6800 604.295.7131 Washington,DC 20006 FX:(202)371-1334 Fax 510-548-6848 220 East High Street Charlottesville,Virginia 22901 Affiliated with Grubb&Ellis calthorp@well.com Bonz & Company CAM I R O S DESIGN\V"O lAk s 1-101) REAL ESTATE.ADVISORS , • Downtown&Waterfront Redevelopment •Planning•Zoning•Economic Development• Landscape Architecture • Military Base/Surplus Property Reuse •Landscape Architecture• Land Planning • Transaction Negotiation/Structuring Tourism Planning • Market&Financial Feasibility Urban Design • Contaminated Site Valuation/Development 411 South Wells Street • International Real Estate Consulting Chicago,Illinois 60607 1390 Lawrence St.,Suite 200,Denver,CO 80204 • Real Estate Appraisal/Valuation (312)922-9211 303/623-5186 FAX 303/623-2260 64 Broad Street •Tel (617)478-2090 FAX (312)922-9689 ASPEN DENVER VAIL ALBUQUERQUE SANTA FE Boston,MA 02109 •Fax(617)478-2099 PHOENIX JACKSON HOLE LAKE TAHOE SAO PAULO Chicago • Indianapolis r BRADY • LSA S., DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS,INC. 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Irvine,CA Salt Lake City,UT Fax(312)346-5746 Fax(630)377-7131 Berkeley,CA`14710 510/845-7549 fu:510/845-8750 (714)757-1474 (801)534-0806 http://www.lannert.com Berkeley Los Angeles Eugene,OR Raleigh,NC Valerie S. Kretchmer Associates,Inc. Urban Regional Planning General aces ��� I Market and Financial Feasibility zanmg ordlnanCes ; ) Design Guidelines 7i Revitalization Strategies Public Participation Programs , t Project Planning THE urban Revitalization ARCHITECTS' � Economic and Fiscal Impact Landscape Architecture �IGHifUU1 Park Design ENGINEERS :. 2707 Walnut Avenue•Evanston,IL 60201-1442 P L A N N I N G SubdivisioWCommercial Design Habitat Restoration PLANNERS 847-864-8895•FAX 847-864-0103 ilmimimlilmimimimlilm GROUP Development Planning/Design OREGON & WASHINGTON 702 CIVIC CENTER DRIVE, OCEANSIDE, CA 92054 619-722.1924 (503) 635-3618 44 Planning November 1997 —= PARSONS1J1 REDMANIJOHNSTON PLANNING URBAN DESIGN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE BRINCKERHOFF ASSOCIATES,LTD. 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Associates,Inc Zoological planning `"" '". .. , uni Planning ■ Community laruain e '• • Tourism Strategies ;©nsultants,fOF the grRtrOn of THOMAS potrv-r assoclnTEs,wc- Management crud development and op (� Growth Mauag animal 4�ae. a Development ltVe a ■ Economic successful • ixhibitiort facilites Street PlanImplementation 1 65 Mem • DOWnIOwn Revitalization Hopkinton,MA0174s ICS 67214 5 DECATUR Ave. �\ Whiteman (508)435-0340 3415 East Second Street•Nlchit9, ANNAPOLIS,MD •Funding)Financing Strategies 4396Carter Trail • Tun ingal nancinPment Planning Boulder,C060301 (318)263-'1561•Ca18)262-7316 fax 2140381 Taintor (303)516-0987 (410)267-0867 Adaptive Reuse _7 • Development Packaging -- EI'1S L II ZUCK ��, x Wilbur Smith Associates I39Sk21k' u31,2,i2,4d, 'h30Th(l Engineers•Planne •EconomistsLn,dPl,u ting P.O.Box 92 -15 Columbia,SC 29202 758 500Phone: (803) 207 201o_, 5 s ,_.� 32 z10orrhbrook.111u2ou hl.00 Ate/[ �� Fax: t8� 545 le `�1 w ` httpalwww.wilbursmith.com r P s 7 t Ht, 1545 hotel circle s f xh(619)260-1138•8x00-870--8306 26 Offices Nationwide (619)260-2680 8-Mail tda(a),i„cc'acce� r.,. 847.���9871 46 Planning November 1997 We invite Viewpoints from readers on issues of current interest. VT T T T APA Board of Directors 1 �aH� W O 1\T President I Eric Damian Kelly,.stop 1 1 Past President Richard Codd,AICP Robert Burke,AICP James Clarke,Jr.,AICP Craig Farmer,Ater Dennis A.Gordon,AICP City rankings score low, says Dan Gibson,AICP,the planner for Maxine Griffith . Lockhart, Roger Hedrick,AICP Texas. Vivian Kahn,Aicp Jack Kiser,AICP Chris McGetrick,AICP or city watchers, 1997 has been an interesting issue included its annual ranking of the "best places to live in America"; year. Money magazine's July carol Swayne David M.Siegel,AICP Simon & Schuster published its quadrennial edition of the Places Rated F Almanac;and the Ma sue June issue of the Utne Reader identified the nation's"10 most AICP Commission enlightened towns" (headed by Ithaca, New York). Similar rankings tell us the best cities to retire to,the best places to raise a family,the best for outdoor recreation, President Roger Hedrick,AICP most and least"healthy." the Past President As it turns out, however, both Money and the Places Rated Almanac look onlyat William W.Bowdy,AICP metropolitan statistical areas—mainly because those are the areas for which the Mark Alec Bash,AICP Census Bureau provides the most data.Cities and towns located in nonmetropolitan Mark Nancy Benziger Brown,AICP areas are ignored, although Eldridge,AICP Most rating systems g many would say they offer the best quality of life. Hinshaw,,AIC assi n values to criteria groupedDavid C.Kirk,AICP familiar to planners—including economy, into categories that are on, and planners opportunities. Betn i g Staff AtcP housing, education, crime, trans orta- there and ecre hona dprtes beBut ratings. This integrity g y of the example,origldata, Editor and Publisher Rated ranked the Washington, This year, for Places Sylvia Lewis evaluated. rated it 162 out of g D.C.,metro area number four out of the 351 cities it Hampshire, in at 221 in the almanaOC.Maybe e's to Executive Editor equal weight to all criteria, thus tending to favor the most O top pick, Nashua, New Ruth Eckdish Knack,AICP that's because populous areas, whereas peas Money assigns varying weights to their"livability factors." Associate Editor p pulous whereas James H.Andrews Because cities are a moving statistical target,the same publication's rankings may change drastically over a short period.For example, Orlando went from 121 Art Director the 1993 PlacesRichard Sessions listing metro area aces Rateded from to20, this In the MoneyIn Graphic Designer 90 survey, the Long Island Susan Lee Deegan The reason for the magazine's disparities may be that each year a different group Fargo, North Dakota, fell from 14 to 186. Design Associate subscribers is asked to weight the rating criteria.A low crime rate, clean water and CynthiaLsa Barton air,good health care, and of good schools weregiven topCopy Editor If you don't agree with its criteria, priority this year. Cheski website w Money allows you to pick your own on its ( pathfinder.com/money/best-cities 97 . Editorial Assistant the relative importance of 63 factors in nine categories and to customize parametersLaWanda Tucker � The site lets you determine contributing Editor for whatever range of rating values you choose. The first time I tried the yourself ranking, Design Fulton no metro area met the conditions I specified. I had better dluck when I relaxed my acceptable range of values—allowin a Design consultant earthquakes,for instance.The one MSA that met John Massey California, y my criteria turned out to berChicof which was 234 on Money's list this year and 250 on Places Rated's list. APA Staff Given such weaknesses, it seems clear that we should not accept the ratings as Executive Director gospel. Certainly, there are lessons to be learned from cities like Seattle, Frank S.So,AICP consistently scores high. But that doesn't mean that we should assume the worst of Chief Operating Officer places like Lima, Ohio, or Rockford,Illinois,which ranked near the bottom thisyear. Charlotte McCaskill Like others, I quickly skim ratings lists to find my San Marcos MSA fared pretty well,with a mid-40s ranking in both publications.But APA General Offices own area. In fact, the Austin- 122 stin Planning and Chicago Office the rankings tell us much more about Austin than about the much smaller Marcos,where I live,or Lockhart,where I work.Although lel S.Michigan Ave.,1 Ste.1600 Chicago,IL 60603 the three cities are in different counties and are verySan Telephone 312-431.9100 • g grouped under one MSA Fax 312-431-9985 demographically. different economically and AICP and Washington Office As these examples show,rankings based on metropolitan data do not necessarily provide the true picture of an individual community—the 1776 MassachusettsonAve. N.W. potentialovidebusinessesreand residents are lookingualc for. Washington, 64D 20036 y—the kind of picture that Telephone 202-872-0611 Fax National 2-0643 APA NatioAdvertising Office Donna Gamin°(Chicago) C Advertising Manager J Telephone 312-431-9100 Fax 312-431-9985 APA MEMBERSHIP Join APA— Name D Mr. ❑Ms. ❑Mrs. El Miss the planners resource Address Planning magazine each month. 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INFORMATION YifOU CAN T GET ANYWHERE ELSE New reports from APA's Planning Advisory Service Creating Transit-Supportive Land-Use Regulations 7.. ,... PAS 468. 1997. 80 pp, $34. Automobile drivers. Public transit riders. Bicyclists. Pedestrians. How can planners create a transportation system that balances the diverse—and sometimes competing—needs of these :: different groups?This report pulls together the codes,standards,and designs that forward- thinking communities of all sizes have used to create more balanced transportation systems. It addresses a wide array of topics,including transit-and pedestrian-friendly site design,parking, mixed-use development,and support densities and,incentives.Must reading for land-use and transportation planners. Gambling, Economic Development, and Historic Preservation PAS 469. 1997. 100 pp. $34. Legalized casino gambling is rapidly proliferating as an economic base in cities across the country. Drawing on a review of current research, this report investigates the challenges that local officials, planners, and;historic preservationists face when introducing casinos into a community. It examines ways to guarantee that community character is preserved—before considering legalized gambling. Ensure that gambling operations contribute to the area's economic development and heritage tourism plans. Five case studies illustrate the do's and don'ts of establishing gambling operations. ----- ' Habitat Protection Planning: Where the Wild Things Are , PAS 470/471.1997. 82 pp. $34 r f 4 As increasingly rapid urban growth results in the fragmentation and loss of natural wildlife r habitat,it is more important than ever to establish guidelines to protect our wildlife and their ithabitat. This report addresses the many reasons to protect habitat, and establishes a practical framework for making local habitat protection decisions. It covers various legal issues, links specific problems with appropriate tools, and shows how to craft an effective implementation program. It explores the role of the federal government in wildlife habitat protection, and offers I numerous tables, figures, and appendices to expand upon specific issues. in Convert �" Storefronts Converting Storefronts to Housing x 3- ._._- PAS 472. 1997. 88 pp. $34. , wrRImmo : t Virtually every city faces the problem of vacant storefronts discouraging neighborhood reinvest- s i .,. ment. This report is a valuable how-to guide providing ideas and design solutions for converting s� pv ' "i surplus commercial storefront space to residential uses. Five well-illustrated case studies identify rA , , 'd the five common types of commercial buildings and discusses the pros and cons of converting — • • , each type to housing. It discusses issues such as privacy,security,and preserving historic -- ` ; _ a,M, exteriors. It also offers suggestions on zoning,coordinating several facades,and gaining public .'„:._,*.,-,41.,::,..;,' support. Includes dozens of photos and illustrations, as well as several informative appendices. F. .1 To order,use the postage-paid card in this magazine. Or call the Planners Book Service at A 312-786-6344 (312-431-9985 fax). Please note that prices do not include shipping and handling. PLANNERS BOOK SERVICE • 122 S MICHIGAN AVE. STE 1600 • CHICAGO IL 60603 I n t r o d u c i n g ARC / INFO OPEN ARC/INFO®software is the world's leading professional geographic information system(GIS). 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