HomeMy WebLinkAbout1999-12-21OPH Memo Re Parks Commission Recommendations for NSP Park AreaMemo:
12/21/99
To:
From:
Re:
City of
Oak Park Heights
14168 Oak Park Blvd e Oak Park Heights MN 55082 • Phone (651) 439 -4439 • Fax (651) 439 -0574
Mayor and Council
Tom Melena
Kris Danielson, Community Development Director
Parks Commission Recommendations: NSP Park Area
The Parks Commission at its meeting of 1 2/20/99 voted to recommend that the
City council authorized staff to issue a request for proposals to complete a Master
Plan of development specifically for the proposed NSP Park area. The Parks
Commission recommended that funding for the Master Plan be identified after
proposals are received. Potential sources for funding the Master Plan are City
Council Contingency funds and Park and Recreation Development funds.
The Commission recognizes the importance of planning for this area at the same
time we are beginning to plan for Lower Oak Park Heights and the Calthorpe
p
Study area. Our Comprehensive Park and Trail Plan calls for "having a master plan
prepared for each parcel of land intended for park purposes to be used as a
guide in the future development." The Commission's recommendation is
consistent with the Comprehensive Plan.
The City would coordinate with NSP in planning for the site. In 1999, NSP
approached the City regarding the closed out areas of the former fly ash disposal
facility, and proposed constructing ball fields, a gravel parking lot, and a seating
area for spectators. Since our original discussions began with NSP, questions were
raised regarding the utilization of the area for park purposes since it had been
used as a disposal facility and some areas of the site remain active. These
environmental issues will be addressed through the Master Plan.
The end result of the Master Plan would be to develop the NSP property to create
year -round recreational and educational opportunities and connect with Valley
View Park to the south. The prominent location of the NSP land in the community
and its visibility from Highway 36 provide unique opportunities for the park to act as
a regional draw for visitors to the community as well as provide a signature park for
our residents. Elements of the park could include a sculpture garden, a children's
"playscape" area, prairie restoration area, etc.
Please contact me with any questions you may have at 439-4439.
TREE CITY U.S.A.
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Photos courtesy of Bill Hynes
Meadowbrook Park in
Urbana, Illinois
by Michelle cHuist LASN
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This site plan for Meadowbrook Park shows a portion of the 130 acres that houses the Wandell Sculpture Garden and Prairieplay. The Sculptur
Garden Path travels along the McCullough Creek. The 60 acres of recreated native tallgrass prairie (not pictured here) is located in the souther
portion of the park.
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at began as a local municipal park,
Meadowbro Park n Urbana, Illinois has
emerged as a regional park that attracts visitors
from around the state. The park's agricultural
theme was designed to integrate the Heritage of
the and and connect visitors to the land.
Inc country with u history of plowing under meadows 1 eudow5 r-r praoreeC
to create cultivated fields and housing developments the Jr tang
Durk District (UPD:: decided recreate -
decided to recrea e a 60 acre nativ 'c'1H
aross
prairie for visitors to enjo Two miles of sort dirt trails encou o e
Jra
pcss recrectnoF amidst the prairie g a �F
it .�r����� and flowers •Y•SlrorC
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con walk from the t
farm eary the 2
S farmstead c 22 - 'mac"+L re Y ande1 ! a rn1 V r Y om:
Carden. nestled arnonasj the tal`arass pr , r, , t�
r . �,' _.�. fe �'a the � �.�:m�n
w "lower Walk
Meadowbrook Pork established � l i {
.�dow : ork was established in 1967 ,
,.,} y, when the vir�ar,n Park
Distri (UPD) purchased the McCu which f
ouch farmstead whh "c�� been
purposes U � �.
r agricultur urposes .or the past 150 years. l o .complete
the. v t r land 30 acres. additional plots of land were acquired througn ;rants
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and cn: exchanges with the f
Urbana School District. . Before the
park's development. the lane was leased our as cultivated fields
'ne farmstead area wos used for gardening programs and
ro
T`1 � r^ r^r u
sce` o. events.
The rurni point for Meadowbrook Park occurred in 1 990 when a
new muster plan w prepared by Land Design Collaborative of
Evanston-. ! nors. The master plan was adopted
�� by the 15-member,
von ve Ur L,dvisory Committee. Landscape Architect, Tim
se�Jed es th project manager 'or the
w Lanstr
.:ction or
V5e c r' c rK
r i
r note extensive proiec, Bartl and other
.•. ••...+3e ~LJ���,nLry,. for the �;{� � i n r� r7
'f' - ^tu ;�, a ,._,rCne
l� grant from v
e rl � b c. r s om the Illinoi Departm of
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Ysour` .cnn the Illinois Department of , ranspc.r °al'ion.
r r
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errs r,o efforts nor the piaygrouna structure were
{
vd by local residents. For example, the paving stones
crounu park structure w customized by local residents and
their" ': wren. By selling the bricks. a local group of mothers raised
more :tar 523.000 that was used to build the park structure.
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DEEP ROOTED FUN
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PrciriePlay, designed by weathers and Assoc;ates. incorporated
i herne of the �Meadowbrook Park with a wooaen, interconnected the ag
built to resemble a barnyard scene complere with scarecrow structure � ultur d silos. In t
foregrouna, the paving stones were customized by residents as par he
`he
fundraising effort spearheaded by a group of 'cccl mothers ;above). t of c
The philosophy of design for Prairieplay is
children can move fluidly throughout he tinuaus play, which means that
conducted a series of interview with children in hee#ocalonment. feathers
parents in order to incorporate their ideas and suggestions into of district and
PrairiePlay (below). 9 the design of
PrairiePlay Playground
As is common with community based projects, the l y g
portico of th par was spearheaded earheaded b � p a _
p y a local group. ...
mothers who wanted to provide a safe pia environment =
r I Y .�.
kids of all ages, The Landscape Architecture fir of � c rh e r •
I firm C�.��n
and Associates based in Ithaca, New York, c
commissoned to resign the playground structure.
One nt say that Leathers has a grassroots approach
bu la environment. �. ppr�cch
a
play ment. The firm realizes ,hat
playGrc °end symbolizes
es much more to a community than ;usr •
place `cr kids t pl To gouge the desires and ex c`or. -
(=
pe,.,u,Fcns .�
the pore.nrial p isers, Leathers spends time
parents and school-age kids to find out what thins the
g y want
see in a playground. Even the name of th
- playground
Prair,eP!ay, was chosen through a naming contest conducted
the locai scHools. On the same day that th interview ,
� phase NC
completed, Leathers ncoroorated the suggestions ;
: gg and ;dec.:
nto c scHematic drawin that wa unveiled at a town m
e..tlnG.
!n keecin g with the -, istor/ of the McCullou h far F r- ,
g msleu a,
playground's agricu,tural theme wa reflected through
u5h � barn
facade, corn cribs and vegetable
gardens. Upon entrance
into the PrairiePlcv playground, kids are g reetec �v
°riendly scarecrow - stands at attention in a garden
vegetable and con
7 roiec° manager ar o aesiCner 3arn/ r r
�e i�r Leutt -er cr.
Associates described the rm's philosophy in la aro
, . � Y ro Y �,un,
design. his s not '.sst cbcur skids o g iayin g in a playground.
's gettin the wh = community involved and recc'nnec;in4
I
oeoaie yo heir roots. ' Segal explained, 'T
he park embodies
a patina of !eve, built with he
personality of *h ccmmunir,
in it.
The interconnected design
PrairiePla allows the Uds tc
move freely and continuously
throughout the pla
environment. The imagination
Free v
is tree to roam because kids
don't have to say now ! am
playing on the slide and next
go over and climb on the
cargo net."
In the center of the play
structure the kids enter int ,
barn -lik structure that draw
them into a world of play
'When kids walk in there is a
sense of being surrounded
and and connected with the sp
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that they are in," Segal noted "They become personally wrapped
V i
up in the pray environment."
The playground is designed to Grow witHl the kids through different
challenges ranging from easy to more physically demanding, When
� Four 3 di . r ;
n ch;ia is at any one location there could be F different challenges
rl �
I � 1 `
-3 chose troth: overhead ladder upperbodv;, balance beam. cargo
A
climber, or stairs. awaits i ild �T successful
i reward ow t
a E s the child a e ^ succe.s.,sfuj
completion the task.
in audition to PrairiePlay's tradit onai play equipment Leathers also
1 I
incorporated a section dedicatee to imaginative play A character
wail entices kids to stick their heads through holes in order to put
+eft -'aces on the drawing of c cow or other barnyard animals.
Wandell Prairie Sculpture Garden
Over 60 acres of { ! Park co r err
i Meaaow�roo� lark ��ns�st oI r�,.i e•ated native
illin� :s tallaross prairie, making the largest native toharass prairie
wiff'T an urban public pars: system in the U.S.. To encour.aage
i
'o
the o r r �
pass .,�e recreational use at t lul:l ares� C prairie. k,. two mi les o, r so, ,;. r t
rr aiiu meancer a,ohc stream cc.. cors ano r-,rci G
L.._.. .� .. u � rr . ,_., r l v a r e c �. k G view Y`
in -.cituro; settin, park vis"^ra car k we ihrour-c' the 22-acre
DEEP ROCT~:
Meadowbrook Park contains 60 acres of recreated native Illinois
tallarass prairie. making it the largest native tailgrass prairie within an
urban public park system in the United States. Over two miles of soft foot
trails encourage park visitors to stroll along the taligrass prairie.
tom. rt: k
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S c :: yl�. 3c "J� .._:•'u � u � r• To the
l � r r I I .... � w-.� � • • r- r
Ti D!Onne had
s - 1
e,fr~ „ .:c� 4 .rr� e�� �'r e ,� buy the
iico:. _ u ,� v .. u r v .sec .. pr rr
..' r ;r. �•!?! r rr�e norural
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_...... .: -., u rrV �IG` S ', the
m up
.,� ti•. �� .. +'•iti..r�'vr- - ..,. orr..4' ��'lS� uerer "'aa
The. i T re � iuce ,r'c; p •i ec , r th H • i. t h e
�... ,� .. �.. - ... �• I oa c r, to
p`+ .-.! Y he. s .-. Drc i rIe grass.
Bec:i;se :ie:;re c or •c n e e 'r r nu r s e r Ir^ ro the
�.�� `. I 3L..' J � 1� ice,
sculpture 1 es s r. aw on: h C rr r ! ■ +
o w n•. �, .� ,00„� a' O u : le inSte�G o. being in
the n r .-
I e I o r + ` 1 i r .- • ,� v r-. r-. rt r .-•. r� n �•. d` y next
iJ ..ice .. ..:r ...�: .`.�.v�r�l: ire`. �rO b r
to ins r- hcv• 4 , r nv' es viewers
L. _ ._ }• r c: ,'� r.� "� �u cu :De used tc
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urr Y . �. u r e zone O. c.-onioit
"Marker '. c rec'ec by loci l artist Peter Fagan. is a slim. six - foot -tall
nude wor-non �,, W :s overlooking the expanse of the prairie. Mowed
gross crounc ,re peuesTCl creates a natural buffer so that visitors can
walk arounc •rye sculpture one 'meet" the woman face to face.
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The sculpture "Tango' by Larry Young, situated in the
22 -acre 'Mandell Sculpture Garden. has become so
popular among park visitors That a local group of
residents have expressed an interest in making
"Tango" parr of the park's permanent collection.
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Top left: "Molecular Reflection" created by artist
Christiane T. Martens. Top right: The four hundred
pound "Odysseus ", created by John Adduci.
Bottom left: Michael Dunbar`s "Night Train" and Billy
Lee's untitled work are waiting to be unloaded by
rwo heavy -duty cranes that were used to site the
oieces in the garden. The nine sculptures in the
Wanaell Sculpture Garden were trucked down from
Navy Pier in :hicaao.
I
The nine sculptures in the Wandell Sculpture
Garaen are actually on display in a natural art
i
gallery. To obtain signature pieces without
purchasing them, Department Director Robin
Hall along with two representatives ~rom the
Illinois Arts Council went to the annual
sculpture show at N avy Pier in Chicago. They
evaluated the sculptures that didn't sell or
weren't for sale and then offered the sculptors c mo sn enc� ro
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come to Urbana to site their piece. TrucK no cos'_ wer
significantly minimized because S -z pieces c c `;` o one
V
flatbed at a time and all the art originated frorr ..e No-
By commissioning the sculptures, the UPD's rno• :. v v;te
developed a win -win situation for everyone involved. ta,k,
payer money wa not used to acquire the sc. ou r e s:, y
nonororium money given to each sculptor, gb:..�-
I f
unwed by a small grant from the Illinois As r- �. v -_e ~He
\leadowbrook Park is acting as a gallery. if any sc : :rare n . n
acting Y
s sold, then the Parks District would receive
sculpture has ye t to be purchased from the outdoor col ery
residents are campaigning to purchase "Tango ox n rr'
d permanent piece to the park.
i here
.� o v
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" .r r
s notnino star c oDou= m e sculpture garden. in addition to
n! a n r c . .1 rr r-- ne✓pI Y ro en Loy ther will aiwcys
some n! y new "or :u v ' c experience. T hrouan the nature of
w,,,ci! ne :o new scufonv . s will
,tee c: Y
-en ono oceci rr ` few y ear s ' nen a
m .n cnc t
"ern e o c rr• v +-,Irrr ' hNOt 37,::,/ wil3
J /- v J v �1. r U w c r U r' F• ~ r t t e r P t r Y 1 new
ter,
�. eo _ o : :: �r Ji - � round i in ; s has blossomed
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wr r•n C r ti. e v on c
•��enc•"•..1nrrte.o n.:rL `�,l �i o e r, .^,r 1�
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ature Preserve
Rediscovering Nature in the
Suburbs of Western Plan
by Andrew DUg Mesa o De
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ARBOR HILLS
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The Arbor Hills Nature Preserve is unique because th park was
midst of Urban Sprawl in Northern Texas. The preserve was designed as a 125 -acre wildlife preserve in the
surrounding area which is why the bathrooms, seen in the foreground ned to reflect the farming heritage o f the
Cedar Elms. Hackberry's and Bur Oaks in the background , were built in the style of a grain silo. Behind
9
pavilion, where the main trail extends north and west visitors are small and large pa F rom the lar e
have a full view of the preserve. g
ARBOR HILLS
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n the heart � f urban - _ - ~R'•,• � • ... � .
e ea o n sprawl, marching north from Dal
9 las
to the Oklahoma border, rests a 125 -acr refuge •
• � g of
wildflower low
er meadows, wooded slopes, and sand
streambeds. Nestled among he Y
g gated subdivisions and
new shopping malls of the North Dalla suburbs and just
three minutes from the North Dallas T
ollway, part of the
property had been used as a dump site construction of neighboring during th
mountam hborin tracts 9
9 g . Intuitively acquired
in 1 990 by the City of Plano as pad of their p arks and
recreation master plan, the parcel is now completely
surrounded by community development. Arbor Hills Nature
re
Preserve invites visitors to rediscover nature in the heart of the
suburbs and provides visitors with a glimpse of what the landscape
andscape
of North Texas used to look like.
The City of Plano initially conceived the roe to be
P p rf developed
into a typical, suburban recreation park, complete with ball fields
and tennis courts. Upon initial site reconnaissance however,
tannin team discovered � er, the
planning sco ered a site that could become more of an asset
for the community and add a unique facility the city's �' ty collection of
parks. The property sits in the transition zone between the BI
ackland
Prairie region and the Whiterock Escarpment, home to a variety
animal and plant habitat. An inventory �n
ento of existing species revealed
that a remnant "Blackland Prairie" plants were re the old
farmstead and
beggin for attention. Site diversity also included the
Indian Creek Tributary and over 80 feet of natural topography
e. The P graPhy
than
g opportunity presented itself for a park based on
preservation and educational discover The end result: the Arbor
Hills Nature Preserve.
The city embraced the suggestions of MESA Design Group oup to
develop the Nature Preserve concept and contracted them to lead a
team for master planning the park and completion of Phase se
construction drawings. The grand openin of Phase 1 was
appropriately marked by the ceremonial throwing f a "seed ball"
(clay mixed with seeds which are g
graduall dispersed through rain)
over the hillside overlook.
The master plan is driven by the concept of discovery. Visitors s are
encouraged to encounter nature an trails, view wildlife from
overlooks, and creativel play in a stimulating nvironment. The
e
experience is heightened by a design overlay of carefully hosen
reflect the
native plant material and an archite - cture that y
old Texas
.a te ..
. _
ry r .'eS"
farmstead. Master plan elements include r inter i
pet�vetrails,ad
camp facility, activity/picnic avilio a large P � playground, an
avla
ry, and public gathering space.
The entry drive and parking lot are organized in
g a curling arc,
similar to the form of a tornado swirling across the prairie,
g and acts
as a symbol of man's interference with nature. From the
moment the
visitor enters the Irking area, the presence of a large two-stage
boo - Pilfer denotes a removal from the normal suburban conditions.
The bio- filter is the culmination of the ath of the "twister" P e two ster and
reminds visitors of man's impact an the environment.
Constructed
with stone steps and gravel bottom, the landmark
entry Feature
allows toxins to serge out in the detention area before being released
back to the groundwater. The significance of this is made evident by
the proximity to the remnant farm cistern that still
plaza area.
All high - impa features of the master lan i
P � .e. heav site
disturbance such as grading, paving, etc.) are la
g � placed on areas of
the property that were previously disturbed by the a
�' Farming Practices
of former and owners. Parking areas wer designed w ith no curbs,
allowing for a visually seamless edge with the prairie. g p rye. only the
interpretive trail ventures down the hillside into the undisturbed areas
of the site. Such attention to preservation and interpretation of is
carried out through a the park.
A grouping of pavilions beckons visitors from the arkin
edge of the hillside, p 9 area.
Sitting an the upper ed
g the pavilion site was
chosen for its full view over the preserve and across
hill. One c oss to the
neighboring of the trail bridges across the creek is visible
from the overlook. The forms recall the agricultural heritage eritage of the
region and the feeling is one of complete removal from
the
suburban surroundings. Designed by Larson & Pedigo A
Dallas g Architects of
the structures are named after native tree species and are
constructed of Leuders Limestone and steel. Leuders was chosen
and resemblance for
its durability blance to the Austin Chalk stone existin on
open to the
site. The three structures are o public, 9
p p c, but may also be
rented individuall or together, providin facilities For v
g f various
groups within the community. The pavilions are lit by incandescent
ht up toward the high y cent
rafter lights that throw li
g p e high ceilings. The effect „
is a warm glow reRected down and out of the structure, simil
the nighttime view of a far �
mhouse out on the prairie aerie wheFrsewed
from afar. Nearby is the restroom facility. Formed r)e t?' '
� image of
E PRESERV
an aid granary, the unique building is distinctive and can
be seen from the road. The imagery' y o t hese struc 'to re s
makes one proud to be Texan.
-
Integrated into the education ,
plant and
ucation programmin_ g` is the 'div i of
animal habitat in the resew
. . - . re - Pr-a.
P � ��:`�'rve distin o #o�ica
Y
� y
zones are pre P irie
parian,' E ge, rWoadIanc., �,.,,�
Wetland. ' The true Blackland Prairie r ru a '
.�ns re some, f ,. ti are the mast
fertile soils in the world, but represent one of the rarest landsca sin- .
Pe . .
Texas. Intensely farmed in the st - the blackland rairie zone at Arbor
Pa
p ��.
Hills was the most disturbed. Eventually, system of
y, controlled burning will
help to reestablish the native grasses and wildflowers on
top of the hill, all of which
will grow especially tall due to the rich soil.
The upland prairie on the for side of Indian Creek Tributary is home to numerous wildflowers s ildflowers and is
quite attractive to butterflies. Animals noted on site include red foxes and red -tail hawks. The
preserve provides a stop -over for some 300 to 500 species o f birds which ass through Texas
p g during
winter migration. Uncommon in the suburbs, a woodland habitat introduces visitors to mature trees
that follow the creek and climb the Far hillside. A short side trail encounters a shallow creek branch
and invites visitors b sit and liste -n to the water moving among the boulders.
g g Geologic formations
resembling geodes in the creek will eventually be called out on trail maps and interpretive
nterpretrve
signage. From open hilltop prairie to enclosed lowland forests, Arbor Hills Nature Preserve
brings visitors up close and personal with the native Texas landscape.
The hike & bike trail meanders from the pavilion plaza ast the playground and down p ayg n the hillside,
encountering each of the distinct ecological zones in the park. Three crossings of the Indian Creek
Tributary required bridges. There was significant g
9 g difficulty in the design of these bridges due to
the fact that the flow was in constant flux caused by ongoing land development g g p upstream. An
existing waterfall actually moved 100 yards over the course of construction. The abutments were
designed by the Landscape Architects with stone cladding o deter erosion. O design gn constraint
noted during the construction document phase was for the trail to be completely accessible y ssEble by
emergency and security vehicles. This required ❑ realignment to provide ro er turnip radius
P p g
and special engineering on the bridges. The trail itself is 10 - feet wide, over two miles long, slopes
some 70 feet down the hillside, and is entirely ADA and AASHTO compliant. A local
mountain bike dub don � � p al
donated time and materials to construct a single -track trail entirely
separate from the interpretive trail system. Future additions to the educational trail will include
=rail spurs in each ecological zone, specifically designed for interaction with lants or wildlife.
p d � fe.
Dark facilities were popular with the public even before the in en
rand opening. Of articular
=nterest to the children of the area is the g P g � p
he extensive playground. Carefully designed with
-ARBOR . L
(Continued on page 48 )
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The parking lot at Arbor Hills was designed so that any water
would drain into the adjacent bio-filter (picture above and detail
below). This entry feature allows toxins to settle out into a
detention area before the water is released back into the
groundwater.
The bio-filter contains washed small aggregate (1/2"- 1") and
washed medium aggregate (1 1/5% 3") with an 18" O.D. non-
perforated SD-35 pipe with grated cap with an elevation of 628.4
for the upper bio-filter and 626.3 for the lower bio-filter. The filter
s lined with a 6" clay liner, with 30% minimum, by volume, clay
content. Outside the liner is moderately hard, weathered
limestone.
Plant rnateriais to be added to the bio-filter include: Longleaf
Chasmanthium (Chasmanthium latifollium); Rice Cutgrass
(Leersia oryzoides); Horsetail (Equisetum hyemale): Softstem
Bulrush (Scirpus validus) and Arrowhead (Saga platyphila).
411:71-4 VARIES sEn PLAN
510FILTER F'LANTIN65 (SEE THIS 5HEET)
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BOR HILLS
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PRAIRIE INTERPRETIVE
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SPECIAL EVE 114.
AREA
AROR HILLS
01.
1.0 t2 The southern. oriage (anove and below) is the largest of three
,--,-,-
,
bridges on tne sire. The walkway is 12 feet wide, making the
wr-
structure ADA compliant and accessible to small security
venicies. The aeck is concrete. with select backfill underneath
where the oriaae touches either bank. Antique leuciers - stone
veneer wire stone ties anc stone key. form the sides of the
-, structure. Poe railing. in sections of 5 428. extend upward
1'8" off tne sloes of the oricae. Below the bridge. a naturalized
grandbury bouiaer outcrooing extends 20 feet upstream on both
:-. banks to ac IP erosion control around the structure. The bottom
VilIFLOWER AREA
of the bricaE. was paced at the water level of a 10-year storm
wnichr flooded tne Indian Creek Tributary.
r
ARBOR HILLS
The play structures, provided by GCr7'etime. were selected
diversity and endurance. The multi -� c,ea for their adaptability,
evel play structure is ADA compliant, with a
wneefcha:r entrance integrated into the adjacent pavilion. The
panels were tainted brown and green. blending with trees an a ' e araion tion i
and
surrouncing clearing. The safety surface is composed egetation egn the
ea of a fiber mulch.
the help � �-� •' � ,
N or GametlrneS, the was equipment
n . as chasen for
aadaptability, Uirer t and endurance. An important d
criteria was she color
r of 'he structures themselves.
amonc !-he � r' ;� antfn�
st •cures Is enhanced
b mat �.
playgrc ., H "oar color to that c th Tc
� metal roof of the adjcc=
�avfllo `� =CCl supports and panels N ar the equipment
prlmar :,y crown and Green, blendin H g n wi th trees or-
vegetation surroundin the clearing. The multi-lev p .
structure :s entirel ADA compliant, e �e, f.
N -
y coant, with the wh -,
entran 'nteorated int the cdiacent icnic pavilion i _ t
i r � p IlfC�n S�f JC�t�,'r.
Designed orcund a uroVe a � �
or x�sting , reel, the structure r oil - ..
a lo ' the e pavilion. A large stone slab
' ''benc--
placed among the tre i the interior
allow parents to w att
children from helot;,,. The trees in the � ' `
mfCC1e allow the "fare5:
to How thro the playground. and {'
u the elevated struclir
provides a ' house Feeiin , overlookin
meadows.
g g the hillside an..
wildflow
'�eadows.
The Construction phase of the oro.
eat was carefully monitore
by the Landscape Architects p � {�:
pe Architect over~ the year and a halF o.
construction. Extensive site cleanup and restoration
necessary n areas that were h y impacted � �N -
by dumpin
Special cure was taken in staking he t rail i
g n the field for boil~
tree preSeriGr ;on and .
grading issues. Many of the large tree
at
could be 'Nor -;yea around on F alignment the Trail t 'N
actually transplante by he : r , / ;o orner locations i
preserve �-, �..' r
,
e
c t.� of Plano invested .n Cri ..
preserve �,n :Ina ry the C�,nc,.�, �_
�r•o mina' e ven adopted w e
C mowing f C cr; re ,"naintenGnC.
techniques. nC,Ualn
g ng ScfneCUle `ar th grasses .7
wildflow ;revs- �n ' the only � � . ,t
�' ', areas are
he Shoulders ; ^ �'
'he trails, enrn/ drive. and parking area.
F uture phases of Arbor Hills will include other elements
outlined in °he ,- raster plan. Near the
e Fop or the list :,
implementatio of the extensive interpretive
re aced by p e graphics package
p P by Secker Brink Graphic Design. The innovative
trail markers and sign panels highlight t he diversity
y In plant
and anim species present within th '
program will have p � park. The srgn
direct connections with educational
activities Ce l r u Y= � , -f
run at the day camp and promote the on p
theme of ''disccve '' An i '� �. going
rY interactive sundial, expansion of
t he playgrou=nd, wildlife viewing blinds, g bl s, and intensive native
planting establishm are also lanned
p .
Arbor Hills Nature Preserve wa awarded
ASIA award far the � d a Texas Chapter
aster plan in , 997. Phase l opened in
Septe i 998 The proiect provides the
Citizens of Plano
with an innovativ nature p that pr
of nature from practically t � pies the rearsCOv
,heir own backyards. �' lasn
Visitors make their way back to the pavilions and p ar king area
by way of the main trail. Future improvements to th
include markers and sign e trail will
9 panels which will highlight the diverse
plant material in the park.
AP E O i
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s sourc(2s of rrac :r:o a!
commercial and residencial landsca;,e arcl i3
reccurc ;cork dwi nd[e, gar c traccs or and
.arc: bcing Freed for developmcinc. Lo-
cated in densely populared tees, «vich lirr�d
ices rccrL ciol ,rl sp and (-yen less nacu :l
1).ibicac, chest s:ccs have irnrense i o:eneial
(Is hik;l - rrofile d si fl prejeccs in their cot ;;_
muni r;es. The unlikely coLir,'( of This guld
mine (,f opportunity is trash clic landfills
clue c'onsriEw our prrr,lry nmechod c:
s {)1 1c 1 - \\d. re ddispusai.
y � T r
Act i.rdi nL.; co t h e I nvir {1n i: nca1. Pr ci —c-
riot) ALcncv, n — r ly 11:11i (it" ;he n,icif,m s siti
(l )() US.:17c1 n�Ll!]IC ii~.it r c} \\•c'rt• c t -1 i
chu 1 99()s :end rhou s.;nds mc)ri w i l l
r }
c�� i hc,�,�,��3�1s :1t .tL rL•s tl,.rc .l\ .r�l,;i�lt
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•
Hidden
Opportunities
La;?aj// restoration offer °s fertile
ground for /a;idscipe architects. But
first practitioners must understand
the underlying technology.
\y,1 noc ?S „n—ie iab!e to c rad i c i an[l1 evef O-
S. r pct: ies 1)c-cause L onscruc; cron un
chcsc s tc•r t nvc:ivcs c'xcre: -L•i y 1� iL;) cusrs and
srri+criirra1 1 r(.L icris. In Fact, i w I I
?mac v r.�r,il1� in,j ossible C() :icvelop this 1.1nd
aLl . n yt i 7. other d in p.irks or rL L1rc I ioHal
rLsror2iicp, is :I rLrl ne \v
a +, l;j�� [ 11•rr
phenomenon in the t.Tn i recl Sn.ztcrs,
\vhere and has been plentiful and
IneNpcnsive, and l:Lndhlls first es-
r:ibl fished in the nineteenth ,irnd
c ~arly rv(nticrth centuries ,ire only
no\Y capacity. As a result
kindscape ,lrcllireccs practicing in
chis :arena have been lhunnperrccl by
a 1 :1c1; r)Fpracricai inForniaricin .rnd
e errs ro rev rare former land-
fills h a\'e iced success
\vi ti) some imlac. ►Franc c`cepcicms)
becauLtst. uFprroblcn1s 1 elar 10 c ap-
pin bre-.1knut, .1rnd
:LS•utis cm rssi()ns. Recent t'ct'l�Iic��
lc��ic.tl .idv ;lnccs lhav ,iddre's.sed
most oi: ch &se pruLDlc ills. l)c)\v rver, c le,trin,
nce wdy For sciccc-ssf: rc:sror.:riun.
()t,111 the proFessicins LL'rt,]if1 co vie roc the
It ;Id rule in landtFil l i"c•tirs sr,icic)n, 1. n l�c,if�t•
L I1 ;r(-L' run :tic,ri�• ;I�tt•zr knoww•1(..L! t)1c1)4.
�r[.r]oiIs �ISL 211h L'S rluL•I.11 ri(i-
1c•.r execLiciNn, .r {) Sulid Auchuncy
�lec:�nology
of Palm Bcach County,
Florida, recognized
this when it handed
control of the Dyer
Landfill project co
George Gentile 34
Associates. We be-
came involved after
we were called in by
the engineering firm
hired to manage the restoration 'to
assist with landscaping, recalls
George Gentile, ASLA. Soon, how-
ever, it became apparent chat Gen-
tile's Arm had a better understand-
ing dhow to assemble a cansuJring
team co accomplish the restoration,
and the firm ended up as team lead -
ers, "Ultimately, we were managing
that included botanists, hydrologis
drogeologisrs, biologists -- --and, of c
engineers. By coordinating the effort
of these professionals we were able c
create a landscape char not only me
the community's aesthetic and recce
ational needs, bur one chat is environ
mentally sound."
The success of Danehy Park i
C..arnbridge, Massachusetts, can also
attributed to effective teamwork an
careful long -tern planning. For a ful
ten years before the park opened co the
public in 1990 local environmental
consulting firms Camp Dresser & Mc-
Kee, Inc., (CDM) and Haley & Aldrich
monitored the sire, i nvestigati ng such
issues as settlement, combustible-gas migration and generation, air and
groundwater quality, storm -water
drainage, and even radioactivity.
`'landfills are unique sires,.. notes pro-
ject manager Jain Kissida, ASLA, of
CDM. "The high exposure, steep
slopes, and thin soil cover give them
an almost alpine quality chat may be
rurally ac odds with surrounding
ecosystems. And once you've created a
landscape, you can't just walk away,
Some level of maintenance evill always
be required or the project is destined
to Fail." CDM continuos co maincain .
the park co this day.
At Byabee Park on San Francisco
Bay (see ASIA Awards, I.411lL1;(ctlic A,--
� /.' I��•,�rr, e
Nov e,b n r 1)93) lack of
a ream
ts, 17y-
ourse,
s
0
n
be
d
Fr ' sa Fallacy chat. faUiv
landscupes are easy
to maintain on
these sites, says
George H -farg-
reaves, ASLA, of
Hargreaves Assac i
tires of San Francisco,
the designers of Byxbee
Park. "They're only easy ro
maintain once they're esrab-
1 ishcd. Lessons learned at l3yxbee
Park contributed ro a new landfill
project under construction in Lis -
bon, Portugal, where Hargreaves has
established the first three years follow-
ing initial construction as a period of
heightened maintenance, which burs a dif-
ferent frame on the project for the client and
the contractor. "It's not a one -shot +h
At Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten island, Rutgers University
scientists unearthed such trees as this g ray birch (Setulo
popullfoIha), above, that had taken root over the cap. All
trees were found to have shallow root systems. They
cross-sectional diagram below Indicates the structure
of the landfill. Six inches of planting loam and substrate
(A and B on the diagram) are required for turf; three feet
far shrubs and small trees; and eight to twcive feet for
a forest in which succession may occur
A Planting L am
13 Leapt Substrate
• d t /oia `D1 i•1I1 /age Liyer
D a aina e Layer
E Synthetic etrc r .f enib c»re
glo
.t.
ira w
Harigra
•
maintenance led to the estab-
lishment of exotic \veeds that art
otrtcon1pering [he rracivc brasses
originally intended for the sire,
G
IT
1
F Ck y Cap
G Landfill Wastes
r
Syntbetic A1cl brane
I Cor4ctcd 5oll
0'i/cc /ell'(' I 40 it !) 19.9r,
512 595 9837 P.03/06
droscc'd ir, chen It v lflJ pr.ty cur
says Hargreaves,
Whar exactly is involved ill landfill
restoration? Before designing; a lar7clsc'.ri
this di(ricult environment practirion .ls
must have some uncle r•scand i n t; of the land-
fill's underlyin technoloy, which will dic-
tate coaSrCac c:<renc t he po.ssibilrc,t lorsur-
face cr`ocnicnt, and ilia) actually form the
b sis of the si Ce s dcsi f n. To contro leachare
and gaseous emissions, modern landfills are
physically scaled with ► ► clay cap or synthet-
ic rnerr brane or both. reyularions
mandate a minimum clay r.hic mess of 1.5
feet and a minimum six -inch "erosion layer"
ofsoi! capable of susta vesera Lion ---oi-
thouz;h such a soil depth will sustain little
more c•1'an turf. Many state laws sp fv soil
and plant requi r•ernen cs in more derail cha.n
federal law.
A major problcm in the past was chat
subsi posed a siSn i iicanc risk co the sc °al
tired nc-w ground surface via closed landfill
because the surface could settle thirty per-
r•
G
74,4 1- 4 4 .4 1. 4 1 2. 4 1 4 e A ttr 4:4 : 4.1(1.444
fir 'I' t
mi
0
cent or more oFrhe landh1I depth. Al tlho r41h
compaction and consolidation techniques
on modern landfills reduce settlement co IFi f-
cccn percent or less, some older landfills may
nor be caking advantage of these new rc.t1i
•' and may still be subject co eNcreme
5eL �. Because most subsidence occurs in
the first Lela• years nicer closure, postponing
anal plantings, especially of trees, beyond
chic period will minimize the loss of plants
due co settling.
Controlling Ieachate (the liquid produced
through interaction of wastes with inFi crac-
# ng rainwater or groundwater) is a proble
only \vhcre f9aws in the cap allow wwiter: to
seep in uncontrolled. If this occurs Icachare
may pose a significant risk co groundwate
quality. The harmful effects of landfill gases
(mostly methane and carbon dioxide) stem
primarily from gas leaking through a flaw in
the cap and displacing oxygen in the s o i l ,
producing anaerobic s o i l coadi cions on the
landfill surface. In modern landfills irn.
provcmcncs in capping and venting arc•
eliminating such icaks; gases are i
passiVely ,
vented, burned off, or processed as Fuel. Al-
:hough such technologic improvements
minimize damage co plants from landfill
uses, landscape architects working on old-
er landfills should be aware of the posse bi ii
�� - h damage.
u nder the best of circumstances
growing conditions on dosed landfills will
br stressful co plant becaus of limited
moisture retention, erosion, possible as
seepage, shallow or poor - quality soil, and a
host of other problems. Federal guidelines
recognize the fact, however, that planes are
r-, cessa.ry to the' closure process because their
:ooc systems ensure that soil remains in
place to protect the cap, plants also increase
:`Yapocranspiracion, moving moisture away
From the cap to the soil surface.
Including trees in planting plans for r
dosed landfills has been extremely concro-
Crsial is is in Fact, prohibited by m.tny
czlces because of a belief chat tree roots pose
risk to rhr integrity of the cap. As a result,
L'asscs and wildtiowets have been the most.
:ommon cover. I3uc European experiences in
andf ll re and rc.—c nc studies con-
Licted ac Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten I5�
And, New York, do not ppo these tears.
Roots only grow in tlLuc parr of the soil in
vhich moisture, aeration, and mechanical
'ro - -tires are Favnra.b!e. Although capping
designed co be impenetrable,
Frey nay develop flaws char make clic cic -si g n
IN
.1
eurocobble*
Nature* granite Cvbblestoriee... r -
#� a asgembled
n t o:mules to facilitate shipment and instalt
aC C?r1.
California 213 B77 50 7 a N W York 212 . 27 5803
Fountains and Garden Sculpture
f1 I ..114
' fi • , .�
White Tail Deer
.finny. .r;�•.0 `�v+!�t. —.
r
4 1 I �
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18601 Darnestown Road
Poolesville, MD 20837
(301) 349-2330
• .
WALTER T. MATIA
CIRCLE 2 ON MEADER SERVICE CAIRO
• a t • •� . •yr . a ■ • • ■ : —: :-
:
■ A . •.1 : •
•
Edition 7
? echioJogv
o the soil conditions (such its.uthc,erlc rtx)r-
ing dcpthj essenti,J to rninii-ni.e rl�c' :x�tcl�ri��1
for roots penet''ttin he clap. A l t110 1 1r;) wider
1y held conccpctons Cis cc•et- reeve ardll .ect ure
depict the :cot s) cer 1 a mirror !r of
the trees cry: i ��1�r1 ,.ranches la � ";� roots
may in fact extend up :o chfee rimes ~i ~c tree's
l ei l�r,
while \'crddcal mots rarely !;olv deep-
r
er than chrce feet. Scudic.s conducted Fresh
Kills by a i e rn led by Scov +n N. -ianclel,
professor in the Department of E E
lution, and Natural Resources ar Rutgers
Lrriiversiry, support these assertions. Trees ex-
cavated Toulowing seven yc-ars or growth oil
soil one foot deep had cxtar:nlePy sl�;L:!ow root
plates with deformed crap root growing above
and parallel to the clay cap, This rose rch i
bolstered by experience with Timber crops
aid rcericional woodlands lute es5El l y es-
tablished on landfills throe! &fl Great
Britain and Scandinavia.
Of any plant will ;l :rouble
graving Withocic suft■cienc soil cover, Real-
istically, the minimum soil depth appropri-
ate for cap protection and plant ,growth
r• • 4 4..
i }
r
frit
• i
Sustained Yicicl Timber Sciurccs
Free Shipment f;oi;i Stock
4 ,.
Troes fb! he uy r am � �tl ' �- ! � l
rostorrtionr, imPalm BeAch C f r
;Florida," wjrc ra fin ,at. .
,r .
. . t site two mii4 1 .
• ,•
should bC ar l ease two fret deep in all areas
except those where rrces and shrubs will be
planted. (There, the depth should be ar lensr
three. feec,) The issue of`soil depth is a tricky
one and, depending on capping material,
plant species, and geographical area, much
greater depths than chose just mentioned
may be appropriate as a snfe t :ard against
root penetration, especially where soil is
subject ro f }L c i ng and rliawi n u. .
Design(?) and Direct Importer of Authentic Classic English[' Soffit Terri. { tiooJ Cnrcfcrl Scats /? i d
Site Frrroisilirrgs for' orrtd Exterior Use
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One si „tn i hone risk that cannot be con-
rrolledl through cap cjtr :tli(y is \vrnclrhrcl\v
(the biowi n,5 ovci• 0( trees by Strong �vit�c ls).
This i5 a t lhr to (he inccw;ty oldie
c:tclsc• t hc' upronrc-c.l tree may have soil bo,, .
Hi, in the roots, !cavin the c .-[p expos m
WL- ncilcci n The t grearesc filccor Lon trh bLttin,l
co s �,btluy \viii pcohnbly be soil depth .1nd
c Labe', )IZ (.nc'ral
] �. , course-textured soils, such
as hose; with hish sand cnncent, 4Ccrn less
able m suupporr trees than clay sods, espe_
chilly whcn wet. Alchouc;h sandy soils may
bL cdesirable rot their ability to drain rapidly,
windthru \v risk should be considered in dc-
si ;ni a soil specification,
An austere maintenance budbc•c does not
rule our the use of trees. One scrae fo
low maintenanCe is ro design a lnndscapc
that :dies ro some dcgree on plant succes-
For For iraturacion. The key ro susrai n•-
ab; l i ty of this type of landscape lies in de-
veloping a planting plan ['hilt encourages
connective cy with seed sources in the nat-
ural habi tars of the region. Fortunately, the
location of most landfills ac the ccl;u of
human developrnent encourages such con-
nectivity. The new habitat could help link
remnants of natural forests and rvetlancls
Furniture Grade Modular Architectural Trelliswork
County Casual
17317 717 GL..r mantown Rd., Suite 313
Germ antoLvn, MD 20874 -2999
1-800-284-8325 1-301-540-0040
Fax: 1- 301 - 540 -7364
64 �.•t�1c�)r)• c ffr7l(), \rr(C
Call or write US for rrr(1)" 1 r) f(11
02760/C,
GuyLlno 2172
and enhance or buffer urban s r(- n be i cs. But
bccmise highways, parking lots, and even
the ecologically impoverished suburban en-
vironment may block plant colonization
off-site sources, it is crucial that the
Ape architect expedite che n =rural
succession process by speciFying native Ixai
species in the planting plan.
Another way of expediting colonization
Cram orli.sice is co encourage sccd-dispersing
birds. But rn.,riy birds will not land in
wichnuc perches of aclecluare height ---w -ac
least five Feet. For this re sun arc-as seeded
only with commercial gasses may rermin
monocultures indefinitely. One obvi so-
lution co this problem would be ca include
some trees in the restoration plan co accracc
birds. But because tall trees and shrubs Zvi It
have a more difficult rime adapting to land-
fill conditions than seedlings, an inrerin7 so-
lution could be co construct arc hcial perch-
es. In some regions wind may be che
primary seed disperser, making prevailing
wind direction and che effects of iandform
on seed deposit important considerations.
Finally, consider cluster planting: the
concencracion of woody plants in specific ar-
eas provided with deeper soil cover. Clusters
• Tail Fescue
Tomahawk $ Apache Bonanza
Monarch • Eldorado o Sllverado
Olympic II.Olympic
Safari s Marietta
Apache IIx' C orona d o l
Confederate brand
MowLess Brand
Triathalawn Brand
Metro Brand
Perennial Ryegrass
BghtStar N QuckStart¢
Citation II*a Omega II Chargers
Sunrye (246)'e Manhattan 1I*
Alliance Blend * CBS 11 B1end$
Hard Fescue
Aurora D1scovery#
Fine Fescue
Sh Chewings ` Shademaster
creeping Seabreeze slender
creeper $ Shadernaster III creeping
Bighorn sheeps fescue
Tiffa Chewings
ran also be resu vcd for colonizacion by na-
cive species, the remaining area receiving a
hisher level of maintenance, such as an
annual nnOWfl L , Without maintenance,
species in these pockets could spread co ar-
eas with soil cover inadequate co sustain
their rooting depth.
Once a landfill has been successfully r
ccarcd, the biggest challenge may be the
unrealistic eXpeC rions of visi Tors unable ro
Turfgrasses Beveloped With Designers In Mind
Poi Trivial7s
Winterplay
Did you know turfgrasses have very distinct coloration?
Call or FAX toda for our FREE guide for architects:
COLOR YOUR COURSE WITH TURF -SEED PRODUCTS
[L I) i' . 43
612 595 9837 P.06/05
p rcc .he sires prier use. As Kissida ob-
scrvcs, "When we rell soccer players who
show Lill Fnr a ;;tine: the day after a storm elmr
they can't use thc: field, they ger angry. Peo
ple don't remember the t) irk. used ro be a
landfill." A solution co this problem could be
co reve.71 the site's history through design. In
Lisbon, Hargreaves Associates is working
with environmental engineers co develop a
plan chat expresses the pipeline ntt -work and
collection wells. Tlir interpretive qunliry of
this type of design need nor exclude ecologi-
cal diversity — natural habitat' doxsn't neces-
sarily look like 1vi1dcrness. As work on such
posci ndustrial sites as landfills increases, land-
scape architects have an enormous opportu-
nity to develop a new des vocabulary char
reconciles the difficult task of restoi anion with
sound ecological planning. LA
Deborah r 'i far /on, who holds degrees in both /au
and landscape archirecrrrre, is the principal of
f anon Lr nt nape Consulting in I'Aew w York City.
specializing in landscape rerxorarion and d..rign
and compliance u irh r Biel 'crnr laws, For a complete
bibliography and other information on landfill
, tar Lion and a ei iegetaCio n visit her World Wide
Web sire at hrrp ://grainerty.IOJ, wail -d. carraaa,
Kentucky Bluegrass
Unique Livingston Blacksburg
Columbia Midnight , Voyager
Challenger a 4 Aces Blue Star
Galaxy Blend
Wildflowers
31oomers Mixture
Baby Bloomers® Mixture
De Blooms Annuals
with endophyte
Turf-Seed, I.
PO Box 250, Hubbard, OR 97032
503 -651 -2130 / FAX 503 - 651 -2351
0 800-247-6910
C!HCt 351 ON READER SERVICE CARD
TOTAL P.06