HomeMy WebLinkAboutEECBG Grant Application Oak Park Heights
Request for Council Action
Meeting Date: January 12t", 2010
lime Required: 5 Minutes
Agenda Item Title: Gra LA—p
ge &catiqn- EE eurit
Agenda Placement: . .......... New Busi ness
Originating Department/Req6 r
Isric Johnson City Administrator
Requester's Signature
Action Requested
Ba!&aound/justification (Please indicate if any previous action has been taken
or Lf other public bodies have advised)°
Please see attached merno.
'Zo 9 t o a ec,
Page 137 of 152
City ®f O :Park Heights
14168 Oak Park Blvd. N e Box 2007 ® Oak Park 1 #eights, MN 55082 o Phone (651) 439 -4439 Fax (651) 439 -0574
December 8th, 2010
MEMO
TO: City Council Members �
r�
FROM: Eric Johnson, City Adminis4C atdr
RE: EECBG - Application Possibilities
The MN Office of Energy Security has issued the scope and rules for the Energy
Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program. These materials were released on
Dec 14th, 2009. The Department is seeking relatively quick turnaround for applications
and as such eligible cities must provide two sets of documentation:
1. Notice of Intent to Apply for funds - due Jan 15 " 2010.
2. Full Application due Jan 25th, 2010.
In an effort to access some level of funds, as the City of Oak Park heights is not an
entitlement City such as Woodbury, St. Paul and other larger cities that are guaranteed
funds, the City must submit a competitive application. The maximum the City may
request may not exceed $100,000 for one (or multiple) projects.
Possible Use of Funds:
Some possible programs that could be implemented include elements achieve the
goal for better energy efficiency in City operations and /or in new developments as part
of the public infrastructure elements.
o The City can begin with a survey of the Greenhouse Gas Emission (Carbon
Footprint) for the City's municipal facilities and equipment. This will be
used to establish the base year for City energy use, or in other words
creating a benchmark for the City's current efficiency and emissions. This
will be beneficial as a means of determining Green House Gas (GI -IG)
reduction progress. Additionally, the City should establish this baseline now
with the "old" City hall as part of that baseline.
Page 138 of 152
NOTE: Bonestroo has prepared a Proposal to the City of Duluth for a similar
Inventory and is attached. The Proposal provides a general synopsis of the
anticipated outcomes that the City could expect.)
o Exploration of opportunities and programs to encourage energy
efficiency in commercial development and redevelopment (i.e. minimum
insulation requirements, lighting replacements to LED, L.E.E.D. certified
buildings) can then be performed. Possible establishment of grant /loan
program to encourage or subsidize the use of more energy efficient
systems, (such as LED lighting) in a parking lot.
o Revisions and changes can be made to the master plans and
development ordinances to encourage energy efficiency and
greenhouse gas reductions. Committees can be formed to implement
and encourage energy efficiency.
Having discussed these options with BONESTROO, Bonestroo would be willing to write
the necessary grant applications rat rte, the obvious benefit they receive is working
on these projects.
Requested Actions:
1. Authorize the preparation and submission of Letter of Intent and /or Final
Application to the MN Dept of Energy Security that requests not more than
$100,000 for projects meeting above general Uses of f=unds.
2. Authorize the use of up to $10,000 from the City's Municipal Building Fund for
used as grant match. These funds would only be utilized if a grant is awarded.
(The Municipal Building Fund Balance is $160,989)
Page 139 of 152
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REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS:
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program -ARRA
Reference Number: OES- 12142009- EECBG01
Minnesota Department of Commerce
Office of Energy Security
Date of Issue: December 14, 2009
Notice of Intent Due: January 15, 2010
Proposals Due: January 25, 2010
I . B ackground ........................................................................................................................... ..............................2
GrantPurpose ...................................................................................................................... ..............................2
Funding................................................................................................................... ...............................
II Application Process .............................................................................................................. ..............................3 �\
Ti e lln e ........................... ..................................................................................................... ..............................3
Questions............................................................................................................................. ..............................3
Notice Intent .................................................................................................................... ..............................3
Proposal Submission Requirements ....................... .. ........... .............................................................................. 4
SelectionDate ...................................................................................................................... ..............................4
Termsand Conditions .......................................................................................................... ..............................4
Ili Eligibility ........................................................................................................... ...............................
EligibleApplicants ................................................................................................................ ..............................4
EligibleActivities .................................................................................................................. ..............................4
Eligible Projects and Limitations Include: .............................................................. .......................................... 5
EligiblePrograms Include: ................................................................................................................................. 5
IneligibleActivities .............. - ........................... ................................................................ ,................................. 6
Eligible Scope of Work- Period of Performance .................................................................. ..............................6
MinimumApplicant Match ................................................................................................................................ 6
EligibleExpenses .................................................................................................................. ..............................6
IneligibleExpenses ............................................................................................................... ..............................6
IV. Proposal Content .................................................................................................................. ..............................7
R equired Contents for Project Proposals ............................................................................ ..............................7
Required Content for Programs .......................................................................................... ..............................7
V . Proposal Review and Evaluation .......................................................................................... ..............................8
Direct Energy Saving Project Evaluation ............................................................................. ..............................8
Indirect Energy Saving Program Evaluation ........................................................................ ..............................9
VI General Requirements ............................................................................... ............................... ................... 10
FederalRequirements ..................................................................................................... ............................... 10
State Requirements ......................................................................................................... ............................... 13
VII. RFP FORMS..... .................................................................................................................................. 1. ............. 16
Department of Commerce — OES- 12142009- FECBG01 1
Page 140 of 152
_
U. Application Process
Timeline
... ............... ....
____
Description Due Date
HFPPusted December 2009
�`� ---
��
�Question Due Date December 24I009by4:0np.m, Central Standard Time kCST
'----------------'----------
Keopunye�$o�ueu��nobsued January 11,2010
Notice uf Intent Due Date &Thno January 15,2O10by4:0Op.m,CST
Proposal Due Date & Time January 25, 2010 by 4:00 p.m., CST
'
Short-List Notification u» Responders k4mzh 12 .
� �`���` ` ` ` ����`��������
Grants Targeted i |
_-_--_m���w_-.��n_----_-__-- --__-_-_---'
Project Grants tubeCompleted By March 31, I011
Questions
_
All questions concerning this KFP must he submitted in writing nrby e-mail to:
Natalie Buys
Department o[Commerce
8S Seventh Place East, Suite 5OO
Saint Paul, MN 55101
energy.00ntrocts@smte.mn.us
^�~
All questions regarding this RFP must be received no later than 4:00 p.m, CST on December %9,2OO9. A
copy of all questions and responses will be posted to the RI-P page of the OFS website (www,enei
oo later than January 11,201O.
Other Department of Commerce personnel are NOT authorized to discuss this RFP with applicants, Contact
regarding this RFP with any personnel not listed above could result in disqualification.
Notice of Intent
Applicants are required tn submit a Notice of Intent via e-mail tn no later than 4:0O
p.mn, CST, January 15,201O. Notices of Intent should contain "<upp|icant'yname-Intent EECBG/ |n the subject line
and include the following:
l. Name of eligible local government;
2. Contact name and e-mail address;
3. Estimated dollar amount of grant request;
4. Estimated dollar amount of total project cost (including matching fundd/
5. Eligible activity or activities for which grant will be used; and
0. One paragraph description of projector program.
The information provided in the Notice of Intent will assist OES in planning adequate resources for proposal review
and evaluation. Applicants should provide their best estimates o( total cost and grant request amount. Applicants
will not he bound tm the estimates made in the Notice vfIntent,
Department m Commerce -ocS-oyzouoCczuao1 s
Page 141 of 152
Eligible activities are divided into two application categories: projects and programs, Projects are specific activities,
such as building energy efficiency retrofits, which result in direct, quantifiable reductions in energy use. Programs
are activities, such as energy audits or financing programs, that do not directly provide energy savings, but that
support or enable a subsequent activity that provides energy savings.
E_ ligible Proiects and Limitations Include:
1. Energy Efficiency Retr ofits_ Grant funds may be used to make energy efficiency improvements in existing
buildings.
Proiects Are limited To
• Insulation, weatherstripping, caulking and similar building envelope improvements,
• Window and door repair or replacement.
• Lighting and control improvements.
• Heating, venting, and air conditioning (I•IVAC) upgrades.
• Purchase and installation of ENERGY STAR appliances.
• Domestic hot water (DHW) system improvements.
2. Traffic Signal and Street Li_ ghting: Grant funds may be used to replace traffic signals and street lighting with
energy efficient lighting technologies, or to optimize traffic signal control systems,
3. Renewable Energy Technologies on Government Buildings: Grant funds may be used to install renewable energy
equipment on or in a building owned by the applicant, including solar, wind energy, and biomass.
Proiects Are Limited To
• Solar Electricity /Photovoltaic - appropriately -sized system or unit on existing rooftops and parking shade
structures; or a 60 KW system or smaller unit installed on the ground within the boundaries of an existing
facility.
• Wind Turbine - 35 KW or smaller.
• Solar'rhermal - ground mounted systems are limited to 400 Square feet; building mounted must be
appropriately sized to building load.
• Combined Heat and Power System •• boilers sized appropriately for the buildings in which they are located.
4. Simple project payback: All projects must have a simple payback between 2 —10 years.
Eligible Programs Include:
1. Residential and Commercial Buildinp Energy Audits: Grant funds may be used to conduct of residential and
commercial building energy audits.
2. Building Codes and Inspections: Grant funds may be used to develop and implement building codes and
inspection activities to promote energy efficiency.
3. Te chnical Consultant Services Grant funds may be used to retain technical consultant services to assist the
applicant in the development of an energy efficiency and conservation strategy, including the formulation of
energy efficiency, energy conservation, and energy usage goals; identification of strategies to achieve those
goals through efforts to increase energy efficiency, reduce fossil fuel emissions or reduce energy consumption
through investments or by encouraging behavioral changes and development of methods to measure progress
in achieving the goals
4. Financial Incentive Programs Grant funds may be used to establish financial incentive programs and
mechanisms for energy efficiency improvements such as energy savings performance contracting, on -bill
financing, and revolving loan funds.
5. Enemy Efficiency and Conservation Programs for Buildings and Facilities: Grant funds may be used to develop
and implement energy efficiency and conservation programs for buildings and facilities within the jurisdiction of
the applicant.
Projects Are Limited To
• Design and operation of the programs.
• Identifying the most effective methods for achieving the maximum participation and efficiency rates.
• Public education, measurement and verification protocols.
• Identification of energy efficient technologies.
Department of Commerce - OES- 12142009- EECBGOI
Page 142 of 152
IV. Proposal Content
Proposals must be submitted in the format identified and within the page limits specified below.
Required Contents for Project Proposals
Section One — Application Form
Applicants must complete and submit the application form provided in Attachment 1,
Section Two — Project Narrative and Scope of Work
Applicants must provide sufficient information for each project activity to permit OES to evaluate the technical
feasibility of the activity, and the accuracy and reasonableness of the estimated energy savings and implementation
cost. Project proposals must, at minimum provide;
• Description of each proposed energy efficiency measure, Including the existing equipment or building element
to be improved, the current energy usage, the modification proposed, and the calculated energy and energy
cost savings; include baseline assumptions, calculations, projected data and engineering information.
• A detailed estimate of ail equipment, material and labor and related costs, including of labor hours for
completion of the project
• For Building Retrofit Projects - Provide the base line energy use for the building or facility, how the energy
efficiency measures being installed will affect the building's energy use, the two most recent years of monthly
fuel and electricity use and the most recent B3 score for the building.
• For Renewable Energy installations - Complete Exhibits D, E, or F.
Section Three — Budget
Applicants must provide a detailed budget as an attachment to their proposal. The budget must include the overall
cost for each improvement and a breakdown of equipment costs and labor costs for installation. include any and all
other associated costs (i.e., consulting, commissioning, travel, and other related expenses).
Section Four — Attachments
1. Documentation of financing commitments if match is proposed.
2. Appropriate exhibits for all applicants (see table in Section VII).
Required Content for Programs
Section One -- Application Form
All applicants must complete and submit the application form (see Attachment 1).
Section Two — Project Description (10 page maximum)
Provide a detailed description of the proposed program. Describe the goals and objectives of the program, how the
applicant will meet its goals and objectives and how the achievement of those goals will be measured.
Project Description must provide:
1. Explanation of how the proposal meets the objectives of the EECBG program.
2. How the effects of the proposed activity will be documented and evaluated (include all necessary calculations
and assumptions).
3. Describe how the proposed program will be implemented and continued beyond the period of the grant.
4. Provide a detailed overview of the project team and all partners; include a history of projects and partner
collaborations, if applicable.
5. For programs that involve multiple partners, provide an overview of each partner's responsibility as it relates to
the scope of work for the project.
6. Describe administrative, technical, and financial qualifications individually and collectively.
7. Provide a comprehensive overview of project team /partner responsibilities as they directly relate to the detailed
scope of work for the project.
Department of Commerce — OES- 12142009- EECBG01
Page 143 of 152
P It 0 PO S A L
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
and Forecast
PROFESSIONAL CONSULTING SERVICES
Presented to
Terry Groshong
City of Duluth
D411 West First Street, Room 100
DULUTH Duluth, MN 55802
By
Bonestroo
2335 West Highway 36
St, Paul, MN 55113
Phone: 651636-4600
Fax: 651-636-131.1
Website: www.bonestroo.com
Contact Person:
Richard 11. Osa, QEP
Project Manager
Direct Phone: 847-562-8577
Email: i
December 3, 2009
I
Page 145 of 152
PROr AG
Project Understanding
Place cursor at the beginning of CITY IS PROCEEDING WITH COMMITMENT TO
this text and then Insert Picture. REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS
Resize picture to ensure that its When the City f Duluth enrolled in the Cities for Climate Protection
width is to picas or 1.69 inches, ry
(CCP) Campaign, it committed to addressing the global climate
change issue at a local level. The CCP consists of a five milestone
paths aimed at quantifying and reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. The City prepared its initial greenhouse gas (GFIG)
inventory in 2001, reaching its first of five milestones. The following
year, the City established a municipal GFIG emission reduction
target, thereby attaining the second milestone in the CCP process.
City growth has undoubtedly varied from projections, and GHG
emissions accounting methods have evolved in the eight years
since preparing the first Duluth GFIG emission inventory. Before
formulating a Local Action Plan (the third CCP milestone), Duluth
wishes to update its GFIG emissions forecast, based on an updated
2008 base year inventory.
GHG EMISSIONS INVENTORY ANi7 FORECAST INr -cams
LOCAL ACTION PLAN
The City of Duluth seeks a qualified consultant to develop the ^.
updated base year inventory and perform GHG emission projections
out to the year 2020. The consultant will be charged with
documenting the process and results In a report that will be
presented to the CCP Advisory Committee, This information will be
used by the committee to develop a Local Action Plan for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. The selected consultant will present
the project results to the CCP Advisory Committee and to the City
Council.
Bonestroo anticipates working closely with the CCP Advisory
Committee to provide project deliverables that are consistent with
the needs of plan development. We recognize the City's
sophisticated understanding of global climate change issue (as
demonstrated by its CCP standing) dictates the selection of an
equally knowledgeable consultant to effectively support the CCP
process. Bonestroo's project team is dedicated to helping Duluth
reach its next milestone—and beyond.
ANTICIPATED PROJECT CHALLENGES /NEEDS /MAIN
POLLUTANT SOURCES ??
Public involvement?
Technical issues?
Coordination Issues?
If yes — what's our solution and benefits to the client?
Ir
n
Page 146 of 152
remaining data needs will be identified in a letter- report to the CCP
Advisory Committee, along with Bonestroo's recommendation for
filling in the gaps using engineering judgment, literature values,
and assumptions.
5. Following receipt of the Committee's guidance on how to address
any data gaps, Bonestroo will use the CACP software to prepare an
updated 2008 GHG emissions base year inventory. Emissions will
be calculated for carton dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
Emissions will also be expressed in terms of CO2e, taking into
account the global warming potential of each component and
normalizing them in terms of equivalent carbon dioxide.
Bonestroo will document the inventory, its assumptions, and the
development process in a transparent report, The CACP files and
computational spreadsheets used to support the inventory's
development will be provided as an electronic supplement to the
inventory to facilitate future updating, if desired.
rAsK i r::...,, ., �.s......
Monthly progress repor to the CCP Advisory Committee
Letter- report on discrepancies between the categories and
assumptions used in developing the 2001 GFIG inventory and the
requirements of the Protocol
n Letter- report identifying any unavailable information frorn the suite
of data required to develop the 2008 base year inventory —and
Bonestroo's recommendations for addressing those gaps
Fully documented 2008 base year inventory, including electronic
files
TASK 2: 2020 GHG E MISSXONs F ORECAST
Bonestroo will use the CACP software to project the 2008 base year
inventory forward to the year 2020, based on available Duluth
socio- economic forecasts, This will supersede the 2001 report's
forecast based on US department of Energy's generic energy use
projections.
As a value added component, one of Bonestroo's municipal
planning professionals will review the previously prepared socio-
economic forecast to ascertain whether it still provides a suitable
basis for the GHG forecast.
If the ongoing economic recession or other factors are likely to
have materially affected the accuracy of the socio
forecast, Bonestroo will recommend modifications to those values,
or that a range be used to bracket the likely outcomes.
Upon receiving the Advisory Committee's guidance on using the
previously prepared socio- economic forecast or Bonestroo
�.:.:. 3
Page 147 of 152
n
Version 2.1 of the Clean Air and Climate Protection Software has
the capacity of estimating emissions of criteria pollutants, as well as
those of the greenhouse gases. The incremental effort involved in
performing these computations is minimal.
While not relevant to the Climate Change issue, the emission of
criteria pollutants is a matter of public heath and therefore a proper
subject for public involvement.
Access to accurate current criteria emissions and projections of
future emissions may prove valuable to elected officials as they
weigh policy alternatives. Since they are not relevant to the CCP
effort, Bonestroo does not propose including criteria pollutant
emission inventories and forecasts in the project report.
PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS
Bonestroo's proposal, including the cost estimate included in the
compensation section, assumes the following:
The City of Duluth will be responsible for copies of the 200£ GFIG
inventory and report
The City will provide Bonestroo a copy of Version 2.1 of the Clean
Air and Climate Protection Software
The City will provide the previously- prepared 200£3 soclo- economic
forecasts
The existing, City- provided socio- economic forecasts will constitute
an adequate basis for the 2020 GlIG forecast with, at most, minor
adjustments to address recent economic changes
The data required to drive the CACP software will be provided by
the City or will be otherwise publicly available
SCHEDULE
Bonestroo is prepared to commence this project upon the City's
authorization. Assuming the City authorizes the project by February
1, 2010, the final report will be available for City Council adoptions
in October 2010. Our proposed project schedule can be found on
the following page.
We are committed to adjusting the schedule as needed to meet
City's overall goals and objectives.
Page 149 of 152
PROPOSAL
ProjectTeam .._._.__._._.__.___._. _.._.......___._.__..__._._.._
EXPERIENCED TEAM READY TO WORK FOR YOU
Bonestroo has assembled a seasoned team of extremely capable air
quality and municipal planning experts to assist the City of Duluth
further its CCP commitment. Our proposed project manager and
support staff are adept at using emissions inventory methods and
forecasting software,
Our team brings a proven track record of strong oral and written
communication skills — skills that will provide effective project
execution, The key project staff are introduced below. Resumes are
included on the following page. The core team is supported by
more than 350 Bonestroo professionals, with skills covering GIS,
civil design and survey, municipal planning, and graphic design.
RICHARD H. OSA, QEP — PROJECT MANAGER
As project manager, Mr. Osa will have overall responsibility for
meeting project objectives, maintaining the schedule of
deliverables, and managing the project budget. He will be the City's
primary point of contact with Bonestroo.
Rick's GHG involvement extends back to 1990, when he served as
Global Climate Change Issue Manager for a major electric utility.
Subsequently, he has provided GHG consulting support to research
and industrial organizations, in addition to providing general
environmental management services. His notable projects include:
Conducted a recent organization -wide inventory of greenhouse gas
emissions, encompassing four industrial and office facilities in three
states
Developed greenhouse gas and other air pollutant emission
algorithms for long -haul diesel trucking; algorithms were
incorporated in the client's data base so they could compute carbon
footprint associated with each cargo segment (The client was a fuel
aggregator, serving all of North America)
Represented Global Climate Modeling Research Consortium at Earth
Summit in Rio de Janeiro
Provided broad technology transfer services to the Electric Power
Research Institute's Global Climate Change Program; products
included a series of printed Climate Brlel% software applications,
workshops, and seminars
Assessed greenhouse gas and other air quality implications of
transportation electrification for Electric Power Research Institute;
developed targeted research agenda to address knowledge gaps
Page 150 of 152
naonosaL _ _
Experience and References
Bonestroo has extensive experience helping local governments
identify and address a broad range of issues — perhaps none with
greater long -term consequence than that of global climate change.
Following are some relevant example projects that demonstrate
Bonestroo's track record and qualifications to excel at developing
Duluth's GHG inventory, projection, and report.
RELEVANT PROJECTS
PERMACEL CORPORATE GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY
RF.Fr:RCNCE:
While at another firm, Rick Osa managed the initial greenhouse gas
Engineer James Slovak, project inventory of Nitto Denko's Permacel Division's four North American
En
1990 Rutgers university Blvd, facilities. Scope 1 and 2 emissions were quantified for the 2007
Lakewood, NJ 00901 base year. In addition to fossil fuel combustion, greenhouse gas
lames.... SlovakOPermaceLcom emissions resulting from the combustion of industrial solvents in air
Ph: 732 -901 -7905 x 410 pollution control equipment were calculated, This project was
completed in March 2008.
LONG -HAUL TRUCK CARBON FOOTPRINT ALGORITHMS
While at another firm, Rick Osa managed and served as tfre
technical lead to develop algorithms for computing cargo transport
greenhouse gas emissions. The initial phase developed
computational methods for assessing the emissions associated with
each leg of long -haul semi truck transport. This allowed the client,
a North American fuel aggregator, to provide their customers with
cargo - specific carbon footprint data,
As a low -cost enhancement, the algorithms were extended to
provide corresponding information on criteria pollutants. A linear
programming approach was also developed to guide inter -modal
transport decisions. This project was completed for a confidential
client in December 2007,
CITY OF ST. PAUL — FORD PLANT REUSE STUDY
Bonestroo is currently working with the City of Saint Paul on a
research study examining the potential to reuse the Ford assembly
REF[ReNCr:: plant, which is slated to close in 2011, for "green" manufacturing.
In addition to assessing the site's attributes and available
City Planner Merritt Clapp Smyth workforce, the study will specifically examine five industries that
Cit
City of St. Paul have been identified as having strong growth potential: HVAC
Ph: 651.266 -6547 control systems, sensors and monitoring systems, biofuel
manufacturing components, electric /hybrid vehicles or components,
and wind power components, This project was completed in August
2009.
AU
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PROPOSAL _
Appendix
OUR PHILOSOPHY ON SUSTAINABILXTY
Improving places and improving lives means striving for a
sustainable future for all. We therefore believe a commitment to
sustainable practices, both internally and externally, must be
inherent to our culture and Is vital to our success. We understand
that sustainability is not simply protecting natural areas, but
addressing three key elements: social progress, economic
prosperity, and environmental protection.
We have examined how Bonestroo, as a builder of communities, an
employer, and a corporate citizen, impacts these elements. The
following topic areas and associated philosophy define how
Bonestroo understands the challenges we face, and how our
operations can provide solutions.
ENERGY
Safe, clean, and affordable energy is necessary for maintaining
healthy human and natural environments. Poor choices regarding
the source and use of energy can result in environmental
degradation, political instability, and economic hardship. As we
build communities and operate our company, we are guided by two
key objectives; use energy as efficiently as possible; and identify
and use energy sources that do not negatively impact our climate,
environment, and ability to prosper.
ECOLOGY
Viable ecwsysterns with clean air and water are essential to health
and quality of life for all. Responsible stewardship helps preserve
clean and abundant natural resources for future generations. In our
work, we seek to form synergies between built and natural
environments as well as protect, enhance, and advocate for these
resources.
MATERIALS
Everyday decisions are made about materials used to operate our
company and build communities. Uninformed choices can result in
unnecessary waste, depletion of resources, and inefficient energy
use. Our approach includes assessing life -cycle environmental,
social, and economic impacts for every material selection.
CLIMATE
Land use, transportation, and the built environment are among the
largest contributors to global climate change. The way we operate
and the decisions we help clients make affect these contributors.
Using the tools of community and transportation planning, natural
resources protection, and building design, we seek to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions to safe levels.
If
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